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PHARMACOLOGY

12:00pm – 3:00pm
Mini Course
4102 Shifting Paradigms of Neonatal Sepsis
Chair: Pablo J. Sánchez, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
The changing epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) will be discussed, including antibiotic utilization for both early- and late-onset sepsis and benchmarking ideas for reducing nosocomial infections.

3:15pm – 5:15pm
Topic Symposium
4200 Cloning and Embryonic Stem Cells
Chair: Judith Hall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
There is enormous public interest in cloning and embryonic stem cells. This symposium will update the pediatric community on recent developments and raises a variety of policy and ethical issues.

3:15pm – 5:15pm
Topic Symposium
4201 Innate Immunity
Chairs: Robert Modlin, University of California, Los Angeles, CA and David B. Lewis, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
Most microorganisms encountered in daily life by normal, healthy children fail to cause disease. Rather, they are destroyed within minutes or hours by defense mechanisms that do not require priming or pre-existing experience. This symposium will highlight advances in our understanding of such innate immunity. Pattern recognition by Toll-like receptors, a novel antimicrobial protein and the role of natural killer cells in resistance to viral infection will be discussed.

3:15pm – 5:15pm
Topic Symposium
4202 Stroke in Childhood
Chair: Donna Ferriero, University of California, San Francisco, CA
This session will update physicians on epidemiology and risk factors for perinatal and childhood stroke. Emphasis will be placed on identifying risk factors, increasing recognition, and providing possibilities for treatment.

2:30pm – 4:00pm
State of the Art Plenary
5704 Pediatric Research and the Human DNA Sequence: Approaching Defects of Host Defenses in the Genomic Era
Chairs: Jennifer M. Puck, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD and Stephen J. Chanock, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
This session will provide a framework for understanding how genetics and genomics can accelerate progress in understanding defects in immunity and host defenses. Host defenses are used to demonstrate the general power of these technologies to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and predict disease susceptibility. This program will address classical and novel approaches to discovering genes underlying primary immunodeficiencies as well as characterization of modifier genes. A brief overview of the human genome, its structure, contents and relationship to genomes of other species will be presented in order to discuss current and future potential for understanding pediatric diseases and treatments. Emphasis will be placed on the continued prime importance of careful clinical observation, as well as the ethical and practical issues that genome science presents to society.

4:15pm – 6:15pm
Topic Symposium
5802 The Molecular Basis of Clinical Manifestations of Infection
Chair: Philip Brunell, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
This symposium will explore the molecular basis of the clinical expression of infectious diseases. The effect of a variety of different agents on the different organ systems of the human body will be presented by experts in their fields.

4:15pm – 6:15pm
Platform Session
5910 Pain: Opportunities and Outcomes
Chair: Robert M. Kennedy
FEATURED SPEAKER: Pharmacologic Management of Pain in the Pediatric ICU
Jeffrey L. Blumer

4:15pm – 6:15pm
Platform Session
5912 Pulmonology
Chair: Marie M. Egan

8:00am – 10:00am
Topic Symposium
6001 New Strategies in Pediatric Heart Failure: Basic Science to Clinical Practice
Chair: Daniel Bernstein, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
Recent advances in molecular cardiology have dramatically improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure. These advances have led to the development of new pharmacologic tools for more effectively managing heart failure and avoiding or postponing transplantation. However, the benefits of these new approaches have not always been shared by pediatric-age patients. This session will review two major areas of recent research breakthroughs in myocardial damage and remodeling, discuss the issues involved in translating adult clinical trials into pediatric practice, and introduce an initiative by pediatricians in the Heart Failure Society to develop pediatric heart failure management guidelines.

4:45pm – 6:30pm
Poster Session III (Author Attended)
– Neonatology
– Pharmacology

8:00am – 10:00am
Topic Symposium
7000 Advances in Autism: Etiology, Imaging and Treatment
Chair: Daniel Coury, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
The autistic spectrum disorders have received increased attention from the public and research communities over the past decade. Theories regarding the possible etiology of the disorder, techniques for better evaluating and diagnosing persons displaying symptoms, and evidence-based treatment options have all received attention. Panel members will present the latest thinking regarding these issues and discuss controversial findings that have confused clinicians and families.

8:00am – 10:00am
Platform Session
7051 Clinical Trials: Perinatal and Neonatal
Chairs: David P. Carlton and Robin K. Ohls

8:00am – 10:00am
Platform Session
7052 Developmental Pharmacology
Chairs: Sylvain Chemtob and Deborah G. McCarver

8:45am – 11:45am
Mini Course
7090 Controlling Asthma in the New Millennium
Chair: James S. Seidel, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance, CA
Although we have an understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma, the incidence, severity, and mortality from the disease is increasing. Twice in the past 10 years the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute has issued Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. These have not been widely adopted nor used. This mini course will explore the management of asthma in the emergency department and office setting and explore new methods to form care partnerships between practitioners, families and children to improve the care of asthma.

10:00am – 11:45am
State of the Art Plenary
7200 Pediatric Pain
Chairs: K. J. S. Anand, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR and R. Whit Hall, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
Critical periods for early brain development are associated with neurogenesis, neuronal migration, exuberant synaptogenesis, and developmental regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis. Exposure to repetitive or prolonged pain during critical windows in development can permanently alter the neural substrates associated with pain processing as well as other behavioral domains. This symposium will describe age related changes in pain processing, recent advances in analgesic pharmacology for pediatric patients, and the long-term effects of neonatal pain on subsequent cognition and behavior. Translational research applied to pain processing and analgesic management will be emphasized, to provide the practicing pediatrician with the scientific rationale for current clinical practice.

10:00am – 11:45am
State of the Art Plenary
7202 Pharmacogenomics: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications
Chairs: James Padbury, Women & Infant's Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University, Providence, RI
The availability of high density sequence databases for large segments of the human genome has lead to the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in many important genes. If these SNPs occur in regulatory regions of important catalytic proteins, occur in binding domains of transmembrane signaling molecules or occur in the regulatory region of a gene, they can profoundly affect the function of that gene and on an individual patient basis. It has become clear these mechanisms account for some of the highly variable, once considered "idiosyncratic", responses to drug therapy. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetics affects responses to drugs. Pharmacogenomics holds the promise that drugs might one day be tailor-made for and adapted to each person's own genetic makeup. In this symposium speakers will present prominent examples of how pharmacogenomic implications affect the biology of disease and therapy from the fields of behavioral genetics and sychotherapeutics, cancer chemotherapy and the treatment of asthma. The perspectives presented will help the attendee understand a pathobiological and clinically sound approach to these disorders. The discussion will include basic science, clinical research and an industry perspective on this rapidly emerging area of importance.

1:45pm – 3:45pm
Hot Topic
7702 Disaster Preparedness: Beyond 9/11
Chairs: Tina L. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Danielle Laraque, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Benard Dreyer, New York, NY
The impact of 9/11 and the public health aftermath have affected us personally and professionally. This session will address what the child health professional needs to know regarding disaster planning and preparedness. Speakers will review and provide updates on national and regional systems for emergency management and how those systems interact with local public health agencies, the pediatrician's role in the community's preparedness including what the school system, the pediatric office and the patient should be doing to prepare and respond, recognition and management of chemical and biologic agents of terrorism, and the psychological reactions to disaster and stress.

Disaster Planning and Preparedness for Child Health Professionals
George L. Foltin, New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
Biologic Agents of Terrorism
Anne Fine, New York City Department of Health, New York, NY
Chemical Agents of Terrorism
Fred Henretig, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
Helping Children Cope with Terrorism and Disasters
David J. Schonfeld, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Discussion