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EDUCATION

4000 Giving Bad News: How Do We Teach It?
The ability to share bad news effectively is an essential skill for pediatricians. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recently endorsed six competencies for resident education, one of which involves the development of interpersonal and communication skills. Bad news spans a variety of circumstances, from discussing an abnormal laboratory test, a physical examination finding with uncertain prognosis, the disclosure of a life-threatening diagnosis or a child's death. During this interactive skills-based workshop, participants will identify important components of giving bad news by review of videotapes. The perspectives and reactions of parents, patients, and health care professionals in receiving and giving bad news will be explored. Useful techniques will be identified and practiced during role-plays with participants and standardized patients. Participants will develop ideas of implementation of teaching techniques and evaluation of this competency for their own institutions.
J. R. Serwint, The Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Baltimore, MD, L. Greenberg, Internal Consultant, Faculty Development, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC and B. S. Siegel, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA

4001 Pediatricians Summoning Action for Children
Pediatricians have traditionally been natural and effective advocates for children and youth. Increasingly, pediatricians find themselves in advocacy roles, such as helping families navigate managed care systems, persuading administrators to increase funding for pediatric health care and research, or advising community programs on how best to meet the needs of youth. However, there is a lack of consensus on what is (and is not) advocacy, and how pediatricians can be effective advocates for their patients, families, and communities. This workshop is designed to create a forum to discuss these issues. Advocacy will be defined in the context of pediatric and community health. A framework for "the doing" of advocacy will be examined through case examples of advocacy projects designed and carried out by residents from six pediatric programs funded by The Anne E. Dyson Community Pediatrics Training Initiative. Sample projects will include advocacy at the individual, local community, and state and national government levels, and will focus on projects that take an idea and create a plan of action after a thorough assessment of the perceived problem and the target community. These cases highlight the importance of community partnership and evaluation. Through this process, participants will gain a broadened understanding of the pediatrician’s role as advocate and skills that serve this role.
J. Pletcher, A. Amzel, S. Cohen, C. Derauf, J. Goepp, P. Hametz, K. Hendricks, W. Kessel, F. LeFlore, D. Schwarz, J. Skelton, H. Taras, and K. Zieselman, The Anne E. Dyson Community Pediatrics Training Initiative Advocacy Group

4002 The Brief Structured Observation : A Tool for Focused Feedback
The Brief Structured Observation (BSO) method can be an effective way to observe, assess and help learners. It allows for structured observation and specific feedback in inpatient and outpatient settings. It is efficient, fast and patient friendly. The technique applies principles of adult learning, since we collect information that is learner-centered and provide immediate, specific feedback to the learner.

4005 Directors of Divisions of General Pediatrics
The Directors of Divisions of General Pediatrics SIG will present the "Ideal Academic Out-Patient Office." We will start with a 1-hour presentation of "Same Day Scheduling" by Bernard P. Dreyer and follow with "Teaching residents while being economically efficient" whose presenter is under discussion. We will also have a 45-minute open forum on common problems interfering with effective teaching and economic success.
Cochairs: Gary A. Emmett, Gemmett@nemours.org, and John N. Walburn, jwalburn@unmc.edu

4007 Newborn Nursery
The newborn nursery SIG will discuss Group B Streptococcus prevention and evaluation for newborn sepsis with the goal of developing a multicentered study of asymptomatic babies at risk. Current practice and protocols for the SIG study will be discussed and a plan established to answer the questions. Teaching our students and residents in the nursery a competency based curriculum presents a challenge. Each participant will bring their program’s needs, challenges and curriculum to discuss in small groups for "hands- on" experience in critiquing the existing curricula, developing a model curriculum and generating creative ideas for implementation. An update on screening for hyperbilirubinemia and treatment will be discussed in light of the JACO Kernicterus alert. Other topics will include circumcision, breastfeeding solutions and pain management.
Chair: Linda Meloy, Lmeloy@hsc.vcu.edu

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES01 Applying for NIH Research Grants
In the current climate of funding opportunities, the ability to successfully obtain extramural support involves applying for grants that are appropriate for an investigator's career stage and drafting a clear and focused application. In this session, we will discuss career-stage-appropriate funding opportunities from the NIH. We will also address how to write a grant application, focusing on strategies with proven success. The working of NIH study sections will be reviewed along with how to best address the concerns of review panels. We will also focus on how to obtain funding for fellowship postdoctoral training and early stages of an academic career.
Pedro A. Jose, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Anshumali Chaudhari, Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Terry Rogers Bishop, DKUHD, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES03 Career Paths for Clinician-Educators: Planning and Moving Ahead in Your Career as a Clinician-Educator
Clinician educators are those physicians whose career activities combine patient care and the teaching and supervision of medical students and residents, and whose scholarly activities promote excellence in medical education.

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES04 Effective, Efficient and Innovative Medical Student and Resident Teaching: Who Says It Can't Be Done?
With increased pressures to treat patients as efficiently as possible, teaching of medical students and residents has become more of a burden or even an afterthought and less of a major priority in the clinical setting. Effective, efficient, and innovative teaching strategies are needed. This seminar will provide participants with such strategies that will in turn aid in the recruitment, faculty development, and retention of preceptors. Mock teaching codes, videotapes, and other live demonstrations will be used to highlight the techniques and innovations to be introduced. Content areas will focus on the importance of a good orientation, feedback, evaluation, and creative teaching techniques that will make teaching fun and a true learning experience for all involved.
Lewis R. First, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES05 Managing the Business of Academic Pediatrics
Career and program development in Pediatric Departments is increasingly tied to the generation of resources that support these efforts as well as cost-containment efforts. This seminar will address the application of business principles and approaches that should be useful to current directors of programs, or those who aspire to be directors, as they plan and manage these programs. Concepts to be introduced in a case discussion format include cost analyses, longitudinal budgeting, mission-based budgeting, business plan development and productivity analysis and enhancement.
Thomas F. Boat, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Michael K. Farrell, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and Lori Mackey, Research Administration, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES06 Minority Faculty Career Development
The seminar leaders will review the probable career paths of clinical and basic research faculty. The session will begin with a detailed description of important considerations for young faculty when choosing their first position after residency/fellowship. The various promotion tracks and sampling of a number of institutions around the country will provide concrete examples. Time management, special funding opportunities for minority faculty, innovative funding sources, mentoring and career development will be featured. Local and national support networks for a faculty will be discussed. The integration of the issues of race and medicine will be highlighted.
Danielle Laraque, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Phyllis A. Dennery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES07 Nontraditional Approaches to Academic Success
The goals of this workshop will be to develop effective techniques to "balance" our lives. Participants will define individual success and set personal goals and develop innovative techniques to achieve them. Through round table and small group discussions, individual exercises and role-plays, participants will explore successful approaches to working with a reduced FTE ("part-time"), developing an educator’s portfolio, tackling the promotion and tenure process, and negotiating with supervisors. Breakout session on individual topics will allow participants ample time to share experiences and to problem solve. Participants will receive relevant handout materials including information from a literature review. Creative ways to achieve success and maintain balance in life will be presented, discussed and practiced.
Sharon Dabrow, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and Maryellen E. Gusic, Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES08 Recognizing Common Biostatistical Errors: A Case-Based Approach
Back by popular demand, this seminar uses multiple real examples from the pediatric literature to teach participants how to be more discriminating consumers of statistics. Topics to be covered include standard deviation vs. standard error of the mean, commonly violated assumptions of statistical tests, including normality and independent sampling, between- vs. within-groups comparisons, "type 3" (dumb or careless) errors, odds ratios versus risk ratios, relative versus absolute effect sizes, and multiple comparisons. In the last part of the seminar, participants will have the opportunity to test what they’ve learned on a set of "unknown" examples.
Yvonne Wu, University of California, San Francisco, CA; and Thomas B. Newman, University of California, San Francisco, CA

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES09 Survival Skills for Pediatric Fellows
This seminar is intended to help pediatric fellows and young junior faculty with challenges they face at each stage of their training including: how to identify worthwhile research projects, how to apportion time between research and course work, how to choose and work with a mentor, how to complete projects during one's fellowship, when and how to write grants, how to get and negotiate a job, how to balance career and family, and how to transition to life as a junior faculty member. This workshop will be of particular interest to current pediatric fellows of any year, but it will also provide useful insights for those who recently completed or are considering a fellowship. The facilitators will include faculty at all stages of their career and will include both clinician scientists and clinician educators. There will be ample time for open discussion and question and answer.
Dimitri A. Christakis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Paula Lozano, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES10 The Art and Science of Negotiating for a Faculty Position: A Practical Guide for Fellows and Junior Faculty
The process of interviewing and negotiating for a faculty position is a common experience of most fellows, and many residents and junior faculty. There is little, if any, training in this process. This seminar will 1) identify key concepts of the interviewing and negotiation process, 2) increase the awareness of residents, fellows and junior faculty of these concepts when applying for positions in academic medicine, and 3) develop skills in utilizing them. These concepts include preparation for, and elements of, the first and subsequent interviews, stages and styles of the negotiation process, and core issues such as compensation, office space, research resources, promotion guidelines and family considerations. Brief didactic presentations and case-directed discussions will highlight these concepts. Participants will have the opportunity to apply concepts learned to simulated interview situations.
Thomas G. DeWitt, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Claibourne I. Dungy, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and Kathleen G. Nelson, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES11 The Mentor/Mentee Relationship: Perspectives from Both Sides
Through this interactive session, the participants will 1) identify the factors that influence the mentor/mentee relationship and strategies to aid the junior faculty member in choosing a mentor, and 2) identify the needs of junior faculty in launching an academic career and the potential strategies of a mentor in meeting these needs. The workshop leaders, Dr. Carraccio and Dr. Englander, who function in a mentor/mentee relationship in their own academic careers will add their perspectives regarding these roles to the group discussion. Our hope is that participants will leave with an understanding of how to create and foster the mentor/mentee relationship.
Carol Carraccio, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and Robert Englander, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD

10:00am-12:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES12 The Promises and Pitfalls of Multi-site Collaborative Research
This session will provide participants with the necessary background for developing and conducting successful multi-site collaborative research projects in inpatient and outpatient settings. The co-leaders, who have overseen numerous diverse multi-site observational studies and clinical trials, will begin the session with a focused presentation outlining the rationale for multi-site collaborations, the principles of successful collaboration, and the potential pitfalls of this type of research, answering questions about these issues. Subsequently, they will lead the participants in a step-by-step exercise of planning, developing and implementing one inpatient and one outpatient study suggested by the audience.
Richard C. (Mort) Wasserman, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT; and Roger F. Soll, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT

12:00pm-3:00pm
Mini Course
4105 Update on Injury Control
Chair: Gary A. Smith, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
The field of injury control continues to evolve. Over the past decade new sources of injuries have arisen, new information on old or overlooked causes has been obtained, and new techniques for preventing and minimizing the impact of certain injuries have been developed and evaluated. This session will review these advances and outline pertinent next steps for health policy, research and clinical care.

4106 Developing and Documenting Scholarship for Junior Clinician-Educators
Academic medical centers have hired an increasing number of clinician-educators to deliver clinical care and teach. Although these physicians contribute greatly to the mission of the institution, many clinician-educators have difficulty advancing in academic rank because of inadequate scholarly activity. In this workshop, clinician-educators will learn an expanded definition of scholarship and strategies for increasing scholarly productivity within the constraints of their current position.

4107 Promoting Humanism in Medicine
The new Dean of the medical school agrees with a recent newspaper editorial that today’s doctors are scientifically competent but seem to lack compassion. He is committed to what his great grandfather, Francis Peabody, said over 70 years ago, "One of the essential qualities of a clinician is interest in humanity, for the secret of good patient care lies in caring for the patient." The Dean wants medical students to become more caring, compassionate, empathic, respectful and humanistic not just to patients and families, but to staff, faculty and each other as well.

4108 Truth or Consequences: Identifying and Remediating the Problem Teacher
Most faculty in academic health centers are hired because of their clinical or research prowess. Yet, these physicians, many with little training, are expected to spend a considerable portion of their time teaching medical students. Little time has been devoted to identifying and providing feedback to physicians who are not good teachers, the "problem-teachers." Identifying and either rewarding or remediating those teachers with excellent or deficient skills is imperative. This workshop will explore the scope of the problem, different faculty evaluation tools, types of "problem teachers", and appropriate reward and remediation systems. Trigger tapes, currently used evaluation tools and role play will be used to identify issues such as the strengths and weaknesses of faculty evaluation tools and reward systems and promote interactive discussion. Participants will break into teams to design and test evaluation tools during the workshop. By the conclusion of the workshop, the participant should be able to design appropriate faculty evaluation tools, identify teaching deficiencies, provide effective feedback to faculty members, and design systems to improve faculty performance.
W. Raszka and L. First, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT

12:00pm-3:00pm
Special Interest Group
4109 Advocacy Training
Resident CATCH Grants at a Tool for Teaching Advocacy: The AAP CATCH (Community Access to Child Health) program offers small planning grants to residents to develop collaborative projects in their communities. CATCH personnel will discuss the CATCH planning grant process and discuss ways in which the process can be used to teach community advocacy skills.

1:00pm-3:00pm
Platform Session
4180 Education: Residents
Chairs: Miriam Bar-on and Daniel Rauch

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES13 Women in Academic Medicine: Balancing Strategies
This seminar will focus on the unique issues related to the challenges of women in academic medicine. The first topic will be the various tracks within the academic community, and the expectations related to promotion within these tracks. The second topic to be discussed will be maintaining a balance between professional and personal life, and the presentation will include a discussion of the pros and cons, and ups and downs of part-time employment. The last issue to be discussed will be negotiation skills for women in academia. Problematic scenarios will be presented and strategies for solutions will be proposed.
Phyllis A. Dennery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; and Ann R. Stark

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES14 A Researcher's Approach to Funding Problems in Academic Medical Centers
We shall review present issues concerning the availability of research funds to institutions and the strategies that pediatric institutions might adopt to enhance an extramural research funding stream. Thoughts as to how pediatric institutions develop intramural resources will also be presented.

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES15 Abstract Preparation and Presentation
The core of the academic meeting is the dissemination of new information through abstracts. This session will provide the young investigator with an approach to the preparation and presentation of abstracts. Innovative science requires crafting an innovative abstract to ensure program selection. Points concerning abstract presentation to enhance acceptance and the dos and don'ts of platform and poster presentations will be presented in depth.
Rebecca A. Simmons, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and William W. Fox, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES16 Career Paths in Academic Medicine: Clinical/Residents
This session will delineate the patterns of academic clinical practice. Co-led by a general pediatrician and pediatric subspecialist, the session will address the following topics.

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES17 Design and Execution of Randomized Clinical Trials
Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for determining which treatments are superior. More and more, clinicians of all specialties are demanding that randomized trials show new treatments, such as surfactant and ECMO, to be superior to current therapy (or no therapy) before the new treatments are adopted.

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES18 Effective Scientific Presentation
Presenting scientific information clearly is an essential part of a successful scientific career. Colleagues will infer your scientific ability from the clarity and quality of your oral presentations. Presentation skills can be learned and improved. In this seminar, we will discuss the following topics:

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES19 How To Be Successful in Academic Medicine: From the Interview to Promotion
In this interactive session, a junior faculty member along with her chairman will facilitate an active dialog from what core questions should be asked during the interview to how to maximize your chances for promotion. Many issues will be directly addressed, including: interviewing questions to ask and answers to have at the ready, salary negotiations, percent effort distribution, departmental commitment and support, faculty development programs, and identification of mentors.
Jon S. Abramson, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Shari Barkin, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES20 Manuscript Preparation and the Process of Peer-Reviewed Publication
This workshop will address multiple aspects of publication in scientific journals. Presenters will discuss preparation of materials, including the initial decision that the data are sufficient to justify publication. Issues related to manuscript writing will include length, focus, adherence to journal formats, and referencing. The editorial process, from submission to publication will be described in depth, with particular attention to ways in which authors can interact with journal editors. Another section of the workshop will cover ethical issues in publication including review boards, authorship, duplicate publication, intellectual property rights, and conflict of interest. There will be open discussion of sample cases and questions derived form the experiences of the participants.
William F. Balistreri, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Thomas R. Welch, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; and Stephen R. Daniels, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES21 Manuscript Preparation
The aims of this session are to discuss 1) preparation of a scientific manuscript for submission; 2) the peer review process; and 3) means for responding to criticism. We will consider strategies in composing the manuscript and presenting data in written, tabular and graphic form, and will compare styles and formats. We will review common flaws that interfere with understanding or acceptance of the paper. We will discuss how a manuscript is processed during the review and rebuttal. And, we will consider the responsibilities of authors, reviewers and editors in the overall process. The participants will be encouraged to discuss the materials as they are presented and engage actively in the seminar.
George Lister, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES22 Navigating the Academic Waters as a Physician (Basic) Scientist
This workshop is aimed at the M.D. junior faculty member (or fellow) in a department of pediatrics. The goals of the workshop will be to: (1) Review career paths in academic medicine, focusing on career decisions that are key to developing an independent research program; (2) Choosing a research project (asking a good question); (3) Carrying out a research project during the earliest stages of one’s career (taking advantage of opportunities and surmounting obstacles); (4) Moving beyond a "research project" to development of a research program. In anticipation of the workshop, participants are encouraged to reflect on the career choices and research decisions they have already made, and to come prepared to participate in an open discussion about these choices.
Philip A. Gruppuso, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES23 Opportunities for Leadership
This workshop will discuss the multiple paths to academic leadership. There will be three distinct perspectives presented: (1) leadership at an institutional level—climbing the academic ladder; (2) leadership at an organizational level—opportunities to become involved with national organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Pediatric Society; and (3) networking: differences in gender styles and opportunities. There will be a panel discussion following individual presentations and an opportunity for workshop participants to discuss their personal experiences.
Carol D. Berkowitz, Harbor/UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Carmelita Britton, Section Head, General Pediatrics, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES24 Publish/Don't Perish!
The publication and dissemination of new knowledge has long been the gold standard of academic pediatrics. However, inertia remains a substantial barrier to successful publications and presentations for many faculty. A well-organized and systematic approach to the presentation of scientific data can substantially reduce the impediments to success and lead to high-quality and well-received efforts. This seminar will take a practical and focused approach to the conceptualization, derivation and presentation of scientific material to be presented as a manuscript, abstract or oral presentation. Group discussions, critique and analysis will be an inherent component of this seminar.
Norman J. Siegel, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, New Haven, CT

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES25 Take This Job and Love It: What You Need To Know and Do To Be an Effective Physician Leader
As healthcare organizations become more complex, "boundary-spanning" leadership roles are critical. Organizations are looking for physician leaders who can perform clinical (quality of care, performance improvement, safety) and administrative (planning, budgeting, business development) tasks. The goal is to equip these academic/clinical /research leaders with the knowledge and skills to enable them to confidently and competently move their organizations forward.

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES26 Teaching—An Old Art with New Skills
Teaching is something we do daily. Learning, however, depends on the effectiveness of our teaching. Active learning is far superior to passive learning and is related to teaching interactively. The purpose of the seminar is to facilitate learning successful interactive techniques for planned or spontaneous lectures to large groups, small groups activities and one-on-one encounters. Both formative and summative evaluations are also essential, and the distinctions and formats for these will be discussed and demonstrated. The seminar will consist of short presentations, demonstrations, group discussions, participatory exercises and self and group assessments.
William B. Weil, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI; and Arthur F. Kohrman, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

1:00pm-3:00pm
Educational Seminar
ES27 The NICHD: How It Works and Opportunities for Research Support
Participants in this seminar will receive information on how the NIH receives, assigns, reviews and funds applications for support of various types of research, training and career development. The variety of support mechanisms available at different career stages will be described, along with areas of special current research interest to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Duane Alexander, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Linda L. Wright, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

3:15pm-5:15pm
APA Committee
4300 APA Education Committee

5:15pm-7:15pm
Poster Session I (Author Attended)
and Opening Reception
– Education

8:00am-10:00am
Topic Symposium
5001 Measuring and Improving Quality in Academic Medical Centers
Chair: Michael Apkon, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Applying scientific approaches to quality management presents an important leadership challenge for Academic Medical Centers to enhance health care delivery. This symposium will review new paradigms with which to examine opportunities for measuring and improving the process of care delivery. The symposium will also consider areas of congruence as well as areas of opposition between the educational and care-delivery missions of Academic Medical Centers where often-competing interests of research, clinical care, and education create a particularly challenging environment for quality management.

8:00am-11:00am
Workshops

5100 Beyond P Values: Inference in Clinical Research
Observational research studies have become increasingly complex both in design and analysis. The results of observational research studies can be driven by properties other than chance or direct causation. These factors not only drive the p values of the results, they also change the appropriate interpretation.

5101 Beyond Smoking Outside: The Pediatrician’s Role in Helping Families To Stop Smoking
The effects of parental smoking on children’s health are well known, yet pediatricians are often hesitant to actively assist parents to quit smoking. Recent research has identified methods and windows of opportunity that can be most effectively utilized by pediatricians. Brief interventions in the context of pediatric primary care have been shown to produce parental quit rates of 5–8%. Pediatricians cite lack of confidence in their ability to advise parents about how to stop, lack of true physician–patient relationship with the parent, concern that parents will receive the suggestions negatively, and lack of time as reasons to not intervene with parents who smoke.

5102 Choosing and Using Health Status Instruments
The development of measurement tools that obtain the perspectives of children and parents about child health is the most concrete example of the recent progress of pediatric outcomes research. Although several generic and disease-specific health status tools for children and adolescents are now available for use in clinical and outcomes research, it is not always obvious which measurement tool to use in a given research project. Moreover, there are important methodologic considerations inherent in obtaining children’s and adolescents’ self-reports on their health.

5103 Developing a Curriculum for Fellowship Research Education: Planning the Process
Fellowship programs in Academic General Pediatrics and other related disciplines are educating the future leaders in child health research. Educational experiences in research, as well as resources for research education, are variable in these fellowship programs. In order to support fellowship programs in their research education activities, this workshop will convene fellowship directors, child health researchers, and pediatric educators with the following objectives: (1) Review the present state of knowledge of fellowship curricula and their evaluation: (2) Review existing models of fellowship research curricula, including structure (coursework, research experiences, mentorship opportunities), content, and evaluation; (3) Discuss the spectrum of fellowship research education, from minimum recommendations for all fellowship programs to centers of excellence; (4) Develop a "working" outline of a fellowship research curriculum; (5) Institute and organize working groups to take the products of this workshop and develop a proposed curriculum during the next year; (6) Consider the role of APA and sister organizations in fellowship research training, including disseminating fellowship research curricular guidelines, evaluating outcomes, and sponsoring research mini-courses to supplement research education within the fellowship programs. We welcome the involvement of pediatric educators skilled in curricular development and evaluation both before and during the workshop.
B. P. Dreyer and D. J. Schonfeld, New York University, New York, NY, and Yale University, New Haven, CT (for the Research Committee)

5104 Developmental and Cultural Concepts: Children's and Parents' Understanding of Illness
Numerous studies document systematic developmental stages and cultural differences in how children and adults understand physical and psychological conditions. These developmental and cultural differences are related to families’ health seeking behaviors and coping strategies. They are important to the recognition of symptoms, the understanding of diagnoses, and compliance with appropriate treatments.

5105 Portfolios for Residency Education: Fostering Self-Directed Learning and Evaluating Competencies
This workshop is designed for Pediatric Faculty to explore the usefulness of Resident portfolios. Learning portfolios keep in step with two increasingly prominent trends in medical education: fostering self-directed learning and evaluating competencies. We will demonstrate ways our programs are using portfolios: for a PL1 Health & Development curriculum, a PL2 Behavioral-Developmental rotation, a Neonatal Intensive care rotation and a Medical Informatics rotation. Participants using this methodology are invited to bring samples of their own institution's efforts.

5106 Reducing Medication Errors – Time To Take Action
Each year there are thousands of injuries and deaths in U.S. hospitals from medication errors. These blunders cost millions of dollars and result in loss of public confidence in our health care system. Medication errors are the second most frequent and the second most expensive event causing liability claims. Errant orders on the inpatient unit and incorrect prescriptions in the ED and clinics are common. Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, students, manufacturers and even caregivers all share responsibility. Many errors are preventable.

5107 Teaching Ethics from Daily Patient Care
People often stereotype ethics as about end-of-life or as requiring an ethics committee. But everyday pediatric practice is rich with issues for teaching ethics.

5108 Training Residents To Serve the Underserved: A Case-Based Approach
As part of a national effort funded by the APA and MCHB, a set of "teaching modules" on topics related to underserved populations was created with the help of a national advisory board. Each module is centered on a case and includes a "tutor guide", audiovisual and other materials. The goal of this workshop is to provide faculty with the tools to effectively teach residents about underserved populations. Participants will also learn more about case-based teaching by observing and participating in demonstrations of these tools.

8:00am-11:00am
Special Interest Group
5113 Medical Student Education
The Medical Student Education SIG is dedicated to being a home for all people who are interested in medical education. As such, its activities are relevant to a wide variety of people. Education, and its close cousin, effective communication are critical areas for those who identify with Faculty Development, Injury Prevention, Emergency Medicine, Residency Training, Continuity Clinic, and Informatics to name a representative few.

8:00am-11:00am
Special Interest Group
5116    Pediatric Resident
This will be our first meeting of the newly formed Pediatric Resident Special Interest Group! Our group will provide residents and fellows with a much-needed forum for discussion, support, advice, mentorship, and varied educational experiences. By sharing different approaches and solutions to key issues in training programs, members of the Pediatric Resident SIG will be able to:

11:45am-1:45pm
Poster Session II (Author Attended)
– General Pediatrics and Preventive Pediatrics

1:45pm-2:30pm
State of the Art Plenary
5590 Children as Victims of Bioterrorism: Protecting the Fragile Host
Chairs: Phyllis Dennery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA and Tina Lee Cheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
With the recent world events and new threats of biowarfare, what should pediatricians know? Due to their size and physiology, children are at higher risk of injury from bioterrorism. This session will address the biology, clinical manifestations, and possible preventive strategies for likely biowarfare agents. The unique vulnerability of the child will be addressed.

2:00pm-4:00pm
State of the Art Plenary
5701 Children as Research Subjects: Ethical and Regulatory Issues
Chair: Myron Genel, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
A number of highly publicized adverse events, including the death of two volunteers participating in non-therapeutic research, and the federal shutdown of research at many well-recognized academic institutions because of inadequate compliance with regulatory requirements have intensified scrutiny of the protection afforded to human subjects participating in research, including children. Furthermore a Maryland court has recently decreed that children cannot participate in research without the potential for direct benefit. As a consequence there has been increasing media attention and Congressional concern regarding the adequacy of institutional oversight and investigator attentiveness to established standards and regulations. In addition, new regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of l996(HIPAA) threaten the capacity to conduct health services and outcomes research. These issues will be addressed in the 9th annual Public Policy Plenary Symposium in an interactive format intended to stimulate dialogue among the members of the panel and with the audience.

5600 A Curriculum for Disclosing Medical Errors: Responding to the Joint Commission Imperative
Release of the Institute of Medicine Report (1999) has increased public awareness of the existence of errors in the practice of medicine. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has issued a directive that medical errors be disclosed to patients and families. Healthcare organizations need strategies to ensure compliance, yet many questions remain: What represents a disclosable medical error? Is there a means of reaching consensus among professionals and how does one share with families in the most constructive ways possible?

5601 Creating a Competency-Based Evaluation Portfolio
The paradigm shift to competency-based medical education warrants a close examination of methods of evaluation of clinical competence. Through this workshop we propose to: 1) demonstrate a number of tools available for evaluation of medical students and residents and 2) discuss which tools are most appropriate for evaluation of specific competencies. Finally, we hope to create an evaluation portfolio for a virtual resident in a competency-based training program.

5602 Developing Effective Resident as Teacher Programs
At teaching hospitals residents universally serve as teachers and are essential to the education of medical students and interns; however, residents and faculty are often not assisted in developing teaching skills. Two challenges exist: to develop residents as teachers and to develop effective teaching programs to teach them how to teach.

5603 Developing Faculty To Teach Child Advocacy
The Pediatric RRC now requires that residents be prepared "for the role of advocate for the health of children within the community." Programs have addressed this requirement through community block rotations, longitudinal experiences, lectures, workshops and service-learning experiences. A common problem, voiced in the APA Advocacy Training SIG meetings, is lack of preceptors to teach and model child advocacy within their programs to reinforce the message that child advocacy is part of good pediatric practice.

5604 Evaluation of Curricular Innovations and Program Designs in Medical Education Research
In education, research is often focused on the determination of progress that students have made toward educational goals. These studies use methodologies that not only determine outcomes but also analyze the process with which these outcomes are derived. Researchers in medical education are often faced with the difficulty of defending their methodologies to "peer-reviewers" who are accustomed to quantitative analysis of traditional scientific papers.

5605 Handheld Computers in Clinical Pediatric Practice
Handheld computers are rapidly evolving into an indispensable tool for the clinician. Though handheld computers have been limited in the past to scheduling, to-do lists, brief notes, and phone lists, progressive application development is providing reference tools, medical calculators, charge capture programs, electronic prescription writing software, procedure logs, web browsers, EMR integration, research databases, evidence-based medicine tools, and multimedia applications permitting access to telemedicine.

5606 Introductory Techniques for Pediatric Research
Clinical pediatricians are often interested in a number of potential research topics but have difficulty translating their ideas into coherent research projects. This workshop is designed to provide clinically oriented pediatricians with the basic epidemiologic and analytic tools needed to plan, design, and begin to analyze a clinical research project.

5607 Moving Resident Competencies from Edict to Implementation in the Continuity Setting: Developing an Individualized Learning Plan (ILP)
This faculty workshop will help participants develop tools for the implementation of competency-based assessment in the continuity setting using the ILP as an approach to monitoring resident performance. We will review the six professional competencies determined by the ABMS and ACGME: patient care, professionalism, interpersonal and communication skills, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement and systems-based practice. A draft of the pediatric RRC specialty-specific components, timeline for implementation and suggested assessment tools will also be discussed.

5608 Pediatric Obesity: Practical Evaluation and Treatment Strategies for Primary Care Providers
The United States is experiencing an epidemic of pediatric obesity. However, many primary care providers report that obesity is one of the most frustrating and difficult problems in their practices. In this workshop, we will provide practical strategies for evaluating and treating obese children in primary care. To maximize learning and relevance the session will be split. Approximately one-third of the session will focus on expert committee recommendations for evaluation and behavioral treatment strategies. We will address skills for identification of obesity, screening for both rare endogenous causes of obesity and more common obesity-associated conditions or risk factors, assessment of emotional and psychosocial states, eating and activity assessment, and indications for consultation with an obesity specialist. For treatment, we will address the most successful strategies for diet and physical activity counseling, changing the household environment, self-monitoring, goal setting and contracting, parenting skills training, maintenance and relapse prevention, and the potential role of drug therapies. The other two-thirds of the session will consist of case discussions and group problem solving. Cases will address practical evaluation and management challenges facing primary care providers.
T. N. Robinson and S. E. Barlow, Dept. of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, and Dept. of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

5609 Using Systematic Review Evidence To Inform Clinical Decision Making in Children
The Cochrane Child Health Field facilitates the identification, organization, dissemination and utilization of up-to-date synthesized research evidence about effective care for children. The overall aim of child-focused systematic reviews of effectiveness should be to improve the quality of health care, and ultimately health outcomes for children. This is likely to be achieved only if relevant research findings are accessed, interpreted and appropriately incorporated into practice by health care providers.

4:15pm-6:15pm
Poster Symposium
5906 Neonatal Epidemiology and Follow-Up
Chairs: Mark A. Klebanoff and Saroj Saigal

8:00am-10:00am
Topic Symposium
6002 The Scholarship of Teaching: How Can Excellence Be Judged?
Chair: Kenneth Roberts, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro, NC
It has been argued that the education of future physicians is the only unique task of an academic medical center, given that both clinical care and research can be and are done in other settings and institutions. Achieving this task requires excellent clinical teachers, and such individuals constitute an essential resource in a department of pediatrics. Protecting and nurturing this resource by providing appropriate recognition, promotion and compensation for individuals who have achieved excellence as teachers is therefore essential, but what criteria should be used to determine excellence in teaching?

Introduction: Framing the Question
Kenneth B. Roberts, Past President APA and APPD, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro, NC
Documentation of Excellence in Teaching: Expectations of a Chair
F. Bruder Stapleton, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
Demonstrating Excellence in Teaching
Richard Sarkin, Past President COMSEP, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY
Discussion

9:00am-12:00pm
Workshops

6100 Achieving Cultural Competency in Pediatrics
The United States rapidly is growing more culturally diverse. In several cities, whites already are in the minority. Culture has a profound impact on pediatrics, affecting multiple aspects of clinical care, including outcomes, processes, quality, satisfaction, obtaining an accurate history, and adherence. Cultural competency is the ability to recognize and appropriately respond to key cultural characteristics that affect clinical care in the major cultural groups seen in your practice. In this workshop, participants will learn about a model of cultural competency that can be applied to any cultural group that might be encountered by the pediatrician. This model is based on five aspects of culture that affect clinical care: 1) normative cultural values; 2) language issues; 3) folk illnesses; 4) parent beliefs; and 5) provider practices. The Latino and African-American cultures will be used to illustrate the most important ways that culture impacts pediatric care, drawing on the rich available literature and the personal experience of the workshop leaders.

6101 Caring for Gay and Lesbian Youth in Pediatric Practice
Adolescents who are gay or lesbian, or are questioning their sexual identity, may look to health care providers for assistance with both medical and psychosocial issues. Yet many practicing pediatricians are uncomfortable with their skills in caring for gay and lesbian adolescents. At the University of Massachusetts Medical School, we have developed a series of workshops for university and community clinicians that provide knowledge of health care needs of gay and lesbian youth and model supportive interviewing techniques. Methods include slide presentations, interactive discussion, videotapes of interviews with gay and lesbian youth and their parents, modeling of "live" interviews, and a "Teaching Kit" for helping faculty to teach students and residents about sexuality. Preceptor support for this curriculum has led us to pilot the workshop in community pediatric offices, training all office staff, including providers, social workers, managerial and clerical staff.

6102 Clinical Forensic Medicine: Bridging the Gap Between Medicine and Law
Medical practitioners who work in acute care settings are likely to encounter forensic issues, such as child abuse, assault or unexpected death. However, few training programs prepare physicians to adequately manage these issues.

6103 Culture, Spirituality, and Complementary and Alternative Pediatrics: An Applied Integrative Model
Growing attention in medical literature has been dedicated to an increasingly multicultural patient population, to intersections between spirituality and medicine, and to the wide use of complementary and alternative therapies in the United States. Frequently, however, these three topics are presented as unrelated to one another. Yet in practice, they often represent intersecting fields of experience. This workshop will introduce a model that integrates the three topics and will present illustrative examples from different areas of the United States.

6104 Design and Implementation of a Domestic Violence Education Program for Pediatric Faculty and Residents
Domestic violence is an important public health problem in this country. The lack of domestic violence training in medical schools and residency programs hampers the ability of pediatricians to provide quality comprehensive health supervision. In order to address this problem, our multidisciplinary collaborative group on domestic violence planned and implemented a domestic violence educational program at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. This program for residents and faculty was designed to increase awareness, improve knowledge, and hone skills in assessing and assisting families dealing with domestic violence. A pre- and post-intervention survey was used to assess change and pinpoint areas of further educational need. The goal of this workshop is to help others produce a similar educational program in their own academic or community setting. The workshop will involve a discussion of how the collaborative group evolved, how hospital interest was generated, and how the course was designed and implemented. Attendees will participate in the key portion of the educational program, a two-hour mini course, which includes video and didactic presentations and small group role-playing. Participants will have the opportunity to develop their own plan for creating a similar educational program in their own clinical settings.
R. Berger, S. C. Hamel, T. Syed, K. DeAntonis, J. Williams, B. Williams, D. Ploof, J. Syphan, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

6105 Early Identification and Assessment of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Pediatricians play a crucial role in identifying infants and toddlers who may have significant developmental needs. Recently, there has been a growing concern about possible increases in the numbers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early identification and intervention can significantly improve the long-term outcome for these children and their families. Unfortunately, although symptoms of the ASDs are generally present before 3 years of age, the average diagnosis is not made until 4.5 years of age. Given the unusual patterns of development shown by children with autism in communication, social, and behavioral skills, parents often report frustration associated with trying to identify the nature of their child’s needs and with accessing appropriate services. Pediatricians can provide helpful screening and diagnostic referral information. The aim of this workshop is to provide information about the early signs of children with an ASD, to identify screening instruments for the ASDs and to describe the referral process in case further assessment and intervention are warranted. Workshop activities will include presentation and discussion, video observation of children with and without ASDs and small group evaluations of clinical vignettes profiling a child in need of more detailed developmental assessment. The goal is to help pediatricians implement guidelines recently established for identifying children with an ASD by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
C. E. Rice, O. Y. Ousley*, and M. Yeargin-Allsopp, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and *Emory University Department of Psychiatry, Atlanta, GA

6106 Integrating Genetics Teaching into Daily Pediatric Practice: Do I Really Need To Be Doing That?
Daily headlines flash new genetic discoveries revolutionizing the practice of medicine! What really has changed and what do we need to know? The goals of this workshop are to emphasize the relevancy of integrating genetics into every patient encounter, enthuse participants about the impact of rapidly exploding genetic knowledge/technology on patient care and physician responsibility and discuss the core genetic competencies our students need to acquire.

6107 Medical Homes for Children with Special Health Care Needs: Partnership for Community-Based Care
The AAP and the MCH Bureau advocate that community-based pediatric offices should be designed as Medical Homes for Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN). Primary care physicians should meet the health promotion and standard medical care needs of children with a wide variety of medical and developmental needs (e.g., cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, autism, HIV). Our team (of physicians, parent coordinator and project manager) will describe a partnership between the Children’s Hospital, Boston and six pediatric practices, focusing on components that have supported and enhanced Medical Homes in the community. We will discuss the following topics: 1) creating meaningful coordination between primary and tertiary care through electronic linkages, active referral networks, Individualized Health Planning; 2) provision of relevant continuing medical education programming for physicians and nurse practitioners who care for CSHCN; 3) training future physicians to practice using the medical home model; 4) conducting research on epidemiology, systems of care, condition specific issues, etc. that provide necessary data for improving the health and functional status of children with special health care needs; and 5) sponsoring consortia of physicians, parents and others interested in improving services for CSHCN.
T. Silva, E. Davidson, L. Freeman, L. Sofis, and J. Palfrey, Children’s Hospital, Boston and the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, Boston, MA

6108 Orchestrating Death in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Approximately 10% of newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit will die. Many care providers may feel ill prepared to deal with the ethical and psychosocial aspects as well as the practical aspects of managing death.

6109 Program Evaluation for Advocacy Interventions in Residency Programs
Many residency programs are implementing interventions to expose residents to advocacy activities, enhance residency training with regard to advocacy, and better meet the needs of families within the communities in which they live. As part of these activities, programs face challenges designing and implementing appropriate evaluations to determine whether their objectives are being met. The purpose of this workshop is to highlight local evaluations being conducted at 6 pediatric residency programs as part of the Anne E. Dyson Community Pediatrics Training Initiative and engage participants in considering multiple aspects of program evaluations. Using interactive breakout groups, participants will propose possible methods and challenges of evaluating hypothetical advocacy interventions. The workshop will: articulate the usefulness and constraints of evaluating advocacy interventions; describe fundamental steps to designing and implementing successful evaluations; and highlight purposes and creative approaches for conducting program evaluations. Funded by The Dyson Foundation.
C. Minkovitz, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, M. Aten, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, D. Bragg, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, A. Duggan, H. Grason, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, V. LeBlanc, Columbia University, New York, NY, K. Minot, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, M. Zuniga de Nuncio, UCSD, San Diego, CA

6110 Open Access Appointment Scheduling: The Cure for the Ailing Pediatric Practice?
Same day appointment scheduling systems, commonly referred to as Open Access Scheduling (OAS), is offered as the solution to poor pediatric office efficiency. Long waits, poor access to services, malfunctioning telephone systems, disorganized patient flow, miscommunication and strained finances are reported symptoms of some ailing pediatric ambulatory practices. OAS advocates in academic pediatric continuity clinics, public sector neighborhood health centers or in private pediatric practices heartily endorse this novel appointment system as the cure for these chronic problems. OAS purports to optimize access to care while allowing the practitioner/practice to track patients who do not re-appoint in a timely manner. OAS relies on the themes of access, interaction, reliability, and vitality. In its purest form, OAS offers every patient an appointment on the day that an appointment is requested. The motto for OAS is, "Do today’s work today." During this workshop, OAS experts will provide background information and specific OAS examples from different pediatric practice settings. A point–counterpoint debate involving workshop participants will delineate and discuss the pros and cons of this model. Is your ambulatory pediatric practice in need of resuscitation? Come to this workshop to see if OAS is the cure!
J. Brown, D. Laraque, J. Cox and G. Randolph, Department of Pediatrics, Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, Dept. of Pediatrics, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, Dept. of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Dept. of Pediatrics, U of N. Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC and the HCD Committee

6111 Qualitative Research in Pediatrics
Qualitative research has steadily acquired greater popularity and respect in medical and health services research over the past two decades. Increasingly, this set of methods is viewed as complementary to traditional quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research techniques represent a diverse set of research methods featuring the collection and analysis of narrative data to capture a subject’s unfiltered view of a situation or topic. Qualitative methods hold particular promise in certain research activities such as medical education, ethics, quality of care, cultural perspectives, survey research and patient–doctor communication.

6112 Faculty Development
The Faculty Development SIG is a forum for ongoing exchange in the area of medical education and faculty development The SIG is open to anyone interested in these areas. The SIG will use its List-serve to brainstorm ideas for the upcoming meeting. Please check for detailed information on this SIG at www.pas-meeting.org in early 2002. The SIG is cochaired by Franklin Trimm, Charlie Gaebler-Uhing and Ronald V. Marino. The List-serve is maintained by Michelle Barratt. To join the List-serve contact Michelle at Michelle.S.Barratt@uth.tmc.edu or 713-500-5810.
Cochairs: Charlie Geabler, clgaebler@aol.com, Ron Marino, rmarino@winthrop.org, and Franklin Trimm, ftrimm@jaguar1.usouthal.edu

6113 Health Services Research
Chair: Lawrence Kleinman, lawrence.kleinman@lvh.com

6114 Literacy Development Programs in Primary Care
This SIG supports primary care based programs which promote reading aloud and train clinicians to encourage early literacy development, based on the Reach Out and Read (ROR) model. In this year's 3-hour meeting, there will be an invited talk by an educational specialist on early literacy development, as well as a focused discussion of quality improvement and implementation/outcome measures currently being used or developed to assess and improve program quality. There will also be presentations and updates on a variety of research projects in progress around the country to look at language and literacy effects of pediatric literacy interventions. The SIG is coordinated by Robert Needlman, MD (Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and drspock.com) and Perri Klass, MD (Boston University School of Medicine and Reach Out and Read).
Cochairs: Perri Klass, perri.klass@bmc.org, and Robert Needlman, Rneedlman@drspock.com

1:30pm-5:30pm
APA Presidential Plenary
6450 APA Presidential Plenary and Armstrong Lecture
Chair: Steve Ludwig
The George Armstrong Lecture
Steven A. Schroeder
Ray E. Helfer Award for Innovation in Pediatric Education: Measuring Medical Knowledge Competencies Using Web-Enhanced Instruction During a Pediatric Resident Ambulatory Block Month
Carl E. Johnson
Larry C. Hurtubise
International Health Award: Clinical Presentation, Immediate Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Cerebral Malaria in Children Admitted to Mulago Hospital
Richard Idro
Distinguished Career Award
Barbara Starfield

8:00am-10:00am
Platform Session
7053 Education: Medical Students
Chairs: Bruce Z. Morgenstern and David M. Keller

8:00am-10:00am
Platform Session
7055 Health Services Research: The Practice and the Patient
Chairs: Paul M. Darden II and Modena Wilson

7100 BaFá BaFá™: A Cross-Cultural Simulation Experience for Medical Educators and Preceptors
Cultural sensitivity and cultural competence have become increasingly salient topics in medical education and practice in recent years. Though no consisently agreed-upon definitions have yet been formulated for either of these terms, there is widespread consensus about many of their key elements. Among these are self-awareness; an ability to empathize with others; a willingness to try to "see through others' eyes" when differences in values and expectations make interactions challenging and understanding difficult to achieve; and a capacity to act upon all of these qualities in formulating workable action plans. Originally designed as a training tool for U.S. servicemen being stationed abroad, the cross-cultural simulation game BaFá BaFá™ (Shirts, 1974) provides an immersion experience in cross cultural interaction and its challenges and rewards. Participants are assigned membership in one of two fictitious cultures and move into separate rooms to learn the basic values framework and interaction rules of their new cultures (a roughly 15-minute process). Following this brief "enculturation," the two groups exchange smaller subgroups of visitors and observers, who interact in their host cultures and attempt to describe to their co-culturists their experiences with and interpretations of the "others." When all participants have had a chance to visit, the exchange ends and the groups reunite to discuss and analyze their experiences and insights. Successfully used in a wide variety of settings, the insights produced through participation in BaFá BaFá™ about the pervasiveness and influence of cultural norms and worldviews will here be applied to cross-cultural challenges in clinical practice and medical education.
B. O'Connor and A. Alario, Division of Pediatric Ambulatory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital/Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

7101 Cardiac Auscultation in Pediatrics: Interactive Workshop To Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Teaching
Despite advances in sophisticated imaging tools, cardiac auscultation using a simple stethoscope remains a powerful and fundamental skill used by both the generalist and specialist to discriminate disease from health. However, recent studies have shown that proficiency among residents in training is declining, pointing out the need for improvements in the teaching and assessment of this clinical skill.

7102 Constructing and Presenting Workshops That Work
Workshops are a popular and versatile method of teaching adults. From teaching a procedure to teaching how to teach, from local retreats to national meetings, from precepting students to developing the skills of colleagues, workshops are widely used in medical education. This workshop will give participants the tools/framework necessary to construct and lead their own effective workshops. Facilitators of this workshop are from a variety of institutions and are participants in the APA National Pediatric Faculty Development Scholars Program. We will draw from our participation in this program, our previous experience with this workshop and current literature to review concepts of adult learning theory and techniques for working with small groups. Through participatory and interactive segments, the group will address how to conduct a needs assessment of the target audience and use the results to plan an effective workshop. Techniques for effective communication, stimulating audience participation and interaction, and evaluation will be demonstrated and practiced. During interactive breakout sessions, participants can choose to focus on the logistics of new workshop development or on refining their previously developed workshops. A listing of faculty development scholars by region will be provided to facilitate further networking and long-range access to workshop development expertise.
E. Zenni, J. Andrake, L. Pasquinelli, J. Christner, S. Wong and T. Shope, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL

7103 Implementing Medical School Curricular Innovations for a Changing Health Care Environment: Challenges and Opportunities
While integrated health care systems where patient care is intensely managed are becoming more common, young physicians are not being taught how to provide high quality health care within these systems. Therefore, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) has funded a national medical education program (1997–2002), Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century (UME-21). It is administered by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. UME-21 funds 18 allopathic medical schools to develop, implement, and evaluate innovative educational strategies in the clinical years of medical school. The goal of the curricular innovations is to provide future physicians with the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes necessary to provide high quality, population-based, cost-effective medical care to their patients within integrated health care systems. This project aims to foster effective primary care teaching in ambulatory and community-based settings.

7104 Introduction to Molecular Techniques in Pediatric Research Training: Basic Principles of Gene Regulation and Expression Analyses
Recent advances in cell and molecular biology have revolutionized our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease. Subspecialty training in pediatrics requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular methodologies involved in the current diagnosis and treatment of human disease as well as the future design of therapeutic interventions. This workshop is designed to provide the pediatric physician in training with an overview of some basic molecular principles relevant to understanding normal gene expression as well as aberrant gene expression resulting in human disease. Workshop modules will focus on participant identification of several common laboratory methodologies for DNA cloning, analyses of gene regulation and expression, and histological tissue analyses. Upon completion of this workshop, participants will be able to (a) describe three fundamental steps of gene cloning and analysis, (b) define two processes that regulate transcriptional control of gene expression, (c) identify two methods for analysis of gene expression in vitro and (d) identify two histological techniques for the subcellular localization of gene expression products in vivo.
Patricia L. Ramsay, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Departments of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

7105 Medical–Legal Collaboration: Advocacy in the Clinical Setting
Lawyers have become an essential part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team that low-income communities rely on to protect the health of their children. No longer is a doctor’s letter enough. Poor families navigating the bureaucratic barriers to government benefits such as food stamps or subsidized housing need both a doctor and a lawyer by their side. The goal of this workshop is to underline the importance of making local social resource networks more accessible to the patient population, while simultaneously teaching health care providers how to do so. The workshop will:

7106 Quality Improvement Research—A How To Session
Quality improvement activities are intended to close the gap between desired evidence-based structures and processes of health care and what is actually delivered. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) continues to encourage and support rigorous research so that quality improvement efforts can themselves be evidence-based. In this workshop, AHRQ awardees will explain how they successfully applied for grants for quality improvement research, and how they are conducting quality improvement research in real world settings. The grantees will discuss the theoretical and conceptual QI frameworks that informed their approaches, the interventions they designed and implemented, the tools they used and developed, the practicalities of collaborations with health systems and the barriers and opportunities they encountered, including IRB issues. The workshop will include substantial opportunities to address participants' questions about individual research projects and the overall QI theme.
D. M. Dougherty and M. Miller (co-chairs), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Charles Irwin, MD, University of California-San Francisco; MaryAnn Shafer, MD, University of California-San Francisco, and two other awardees of AHRQ quality improvement grants.

7107 The Management Skills You Need When Asked To Be the "Medical Director"
Physicians are frequently asked to shoulder administrative responsibilities in addition to their more traditional clinical and teaching duties. Balancing these new responsibilities can be a challenge. Often time does not permit formal preparation and training for these duties. This workshop provides a "hands-on" practical overview of basic skills needed for effective administrative leadership.

7108 Understanding Multivariate Regression: A Case-Based Approach
Objective: To enable clinicians to evaluate and interpret results of studies which utilize multivariate regression analytic techniques.

7109 Community-Based Physicians
The following is the agenda for the Community-Based Physicians SIG which will be meeting on Tuesday morning May 6 in the Baltimore Convention Center:

7110 Continuity Clinic
The Continuity Directors SIG was organized by Jan Drutz 12 years ago and continues to be a very active network for preceptors in resident continuity settings. We’re very pleased that over the years, the group has grown and completed projects that none of us individually could have accomplished. The annual SIG meeting, workshops, directories with clearing house information, newsletters and research have blossomed by the involvement of countless individuals committed to enhancing resident education. Our group has remained consistently enthusiastic and highly motivated because of all the Continuity Directors’ and preceptors’ attendance and active participation!

7112 Pediatric Tobacco Issues
This inaugural meeting of the "Cig SIG" will include an introductory session during which members will briefly present their interests and work in pediatric tobacco issues, a presentation by members of the AAP's Center for Child Health Research and presentation of a proposed APA tobacco policy. A presentation by a potential funder is being pursued. Other presentations will be considered. if you are interested in suggesting a topic for discussion or in making a presentation, please contact either Dana Best, MD, MPH (dbbest@cnmc.org) or Deborah Moss, MD, MPH (mossd@pitt.edu).
Cochairs: Dana Best, dbbest@cnmc.org, and Deborah Moss, mossd@chplink.chp.edu

7113 Pediatrics for Family Practice
Iam looking forward to our May meeting. Tentative plans are to discuss:

7115 Serving the Underserved
We have invited local health department experts to describe the innovative data collection system used in Baltimore across several different city departments. This should be a fascinating discussion about the capacity of local government to provide comprehensive population-based data that would be important for health monitoring, tracking, etc. Next, we have invited faculty from the Dyson Initiatives funded sites to discuss their successes and failures in getting residents involved in community based projects. We will spend time during the SIG meeting to update members about innovative approaches, lessons learned, etc. that have come about as a result of the APA National Pediatric Faculty Development Scholars Program. Finally, we will present for the first time some of the data from the curriculum development project.
Cochairs: Jeff Brown, jbrown@dhha.org, and Ron Samuels, samuels@tch.harvard.edu

1:45pm-3:45pm
Hot Topic
7702 Disaster Preparedness: Beyond 9/11
Chairs: Tina L. Cheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Danelle Laraque, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Benard Dreyer, New York, NY
The impact of 9/11 and the public health aftermath have affected us personally and professionally. This session will address what the child health professional needs to know regarding disaster planning and preparedness. Speakers will review and provide updates on national and regional systems for emergency management and how those systems interact with local public health agencies, the pediatrician's role in the community's preparedness including what the school system, the pediatric office and the patient should be doing to prepare and respond, recognition and management of chemical and biologic agents of terrorism, and the psychological reactions to disaster and stress.

Disaster Planning and Preparedness for Child Health Professionals
George L. Foltin, New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
Biologic Agents of Terrorism
Anne Fine, New York City Department of Health, New York, NY
Chemical Agents of Terrorism
Fred Henretig, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
Helping Children Cope with Terrorism and Disasters
David J. Schonfeld, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Discussion