Clinical guidelines are a common vehicle used to promote health care processes and cost-effective practice. Workshop leaders will share their experiences with the process used at their institution in both the outpatient and inpatient arenas to develop evidence-based practice guidelines. Attendees will be asked to participate in a number of small group breakout sessions designed around the themes of: (1) developing consensus statements, (2) developing implementation strategies, and (3) designing outcomes measures and process improvement tools. Participants should be provided with the background to begin or improve upon the process currently being utilized at their own institutions.
 

The attendees will learn how to prepare a manuscript for submission to a scientific journal. They will also learn about the review process and how to respond to the reviewers' comments.

Many new developments are confronting pediatric residents, faculty and educators interested in effective and appropriate training of the next generation of pediatricians. In particular, the impact of the new ACGME work duty hours regulations and the impending effects of the move to Core Competency assessments for residents present a new paradigm for pediatric resident education. These developments offer both a challenge and an opportunity for pediatric faculty to improve pediatric resident education.

Ingrid Philibert, ACGME Director of Field Staff, will present The New Work Duty Hours Standards—Genesis, Implementation and Future Directions; Susan Guralnick, Program Director at SUNY-Stony Brook, will discuss The New RRC Core Competencies and what these new methods mean for pediatrics; John D. Mahan, Program Director at Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, will discuss The Pediatric Residency Programs of the Future: In This Brave New World. Participants will be asked to provide feedback and, after discussion in small group settings, will provide a series of recommendations from pediatric faculty regarding the direction of pediatric residency education in the future. We look forward to a stimulating discussion and useful interchange.
 

This workshop will provide attendees with:

1. An overview of how manuscripts should be prepared for submission to the various journals that publish pediatric papers,
2. A "behind the scenes" view of how manuscripts are handled by the various journals,
3. Clues regarding "dos and don'ts" in submitting and interacting with editors,
4. Ample time for asking questions.
    

The Managed Care SIG annual meeting will focus on research topics in the area of pediatrics and managed care. Selected papers from provider groups, academic institutions and health plans on the impact that managed care has had on providing health care to needy populations will be presented. I encourage students, housestaff and faculty to attend this meeting if you are interested in learning more about the current state of managed care and its effects on health care delivery to child populations.
 

Humanism and professionalism are essential components of outstanding clinical work. The AAMC and ACGME have mandated they be explicitly included in medical student and resident curricula. Although schools and programs have begun to develop curricula to teach students and residents humane and professional behavior, evaluating these competencies has proven to be a difficulty challenge. A number of tools have been developed to assess the humanism and professionalism of individuals and of programs. These tools include competency-based checklists, which can be used to assess behavior in real life (bedside observations) and in standardized situations (OSCEs). There are also several different qualitative approaches, which use prompted collections of descriptions from multiple sources (patients, nurses, peers, faculty and self) to capture information that may be difficult to obtain from a checklist. Finally, there are tools that assess the humanism and professionalism within a particular program.

This workshop will identify a variety of different methods for evaluating humanism and professionalism. Working definitions for humanism and professionalism will be established through brainstorming and focused discussion. Competency-based checklists and qualitative assessments will be demonstrated and explored using videotape and paper case analysis. Participants will be challenged to develop short, written actions plans identifying how one or more of these assessment tools might be applied to their own programs and institutions.
 

This mini course will set the stage for several discussions of particular issues of major importance and interest. What is "preparedness" and what are the real risks of continuing terrorism in the United States? What is the current status of preparedness in the U.S. hospital and public health systems? How do children differ from adults in terms of response to weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological and radiological)? How do these differences matter in disaster planning? Are the needs of children being incorporated in local, state and federal disaster plans? Smallpox, anthrax and other biological threats: Where do we stand? What do we do? Nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons, dirty bombs and potassium iodide: What do we know? The mental health consequences of terrorism: What have we learned since 9/11, how do we prepare children for an increasingly vulnerable world, building resiliency and sustaining a positive vision. The new pediatric agenda: What do we have to teach students, residents and pediatricians about the pediatric aspects of terrorism planning. Children and exposure to weapons of mass destruction: science and the essential research agenda.

Introduction
Paul H. Saenger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY

Welcome and Context
Irwin Redlener, National Center for Disaster Preparedness, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY

Pediatric Preparedness for Terrorism and Disasters
David S. Markenson, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY

Biological Weapons of Terror: What Pediatricians Need to Know
Theodore J. Cieslak, U.S. Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

Helping Children and Families Cope with Terrorism
David J. Schonfeld, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Radiologic Terrorism, Children and the Question of Potassium Iodide
Thomas P. Foley, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Academic health care centers require physician leaders who can lead transformational change. Such leaders require basic skills such as developing a mission, vision and strategic plan; managing teams; leading change; basic financial and business planning skills; outstanding communication; and conflict management. Building on the presentations and discussions during the previous two years at the PAS Annual Meeting, this educational workshop will characterize what a transformational leader must do in the first 6 months to ensure success.
 

This workshop is intended to provide the foundation for understanding how to compose a grant to provide research education for postdoctoral fellows. The major issues that will be discussed related to the construction of the program and grant include:

1. Qualifications/responsibilities of faculty
2. Qualifications of the students/fellows
3. Types of research opportunities
4. Education related to academic development
5. Resources of the institution
6. The instructions
7. The interface with clinical education

We will also discuss the review process and factors that influence success of a new program or one undergoing competitive renewal.

The workshop is intended for Division Directors and mid-level-senior faculty who are constructing a training program or facing a competitive renewal of their current program.
 

This workshop is aimed at the M.D. junior faculty member or fellow in a department of pediatrics. The goals of the workshop will address:

1. Career paths in academic medicine, focusing on career decisions that are key to developing an independent research program;
2. Choosing a research project (asking a good question);
3. Carrying out a research project during the earliest stages of one's career (taking advantage of opportunities and surmounting obstacles);
4. Moving beyond a "research project" to development of a research program.

In anticipation of the workshop, participants are encouraged to reflect on the career choices and research decisions they have already made and to come prepared to participate in an open discussion about these choices.
 

The process of applying for and negotiating a faculty and/or clinical position is often a new experience for fellows, residents and, sometimes, junior faculty. This interactive workshop explores the practical and strategic aspects of this process. Participants will learn the functional stages and how to prepare for the process, what is negotiable and the elements of successful negotiation. The workshop is structured to allow discussion of pragmatic issues relevant to the participants' experiences. Handouts, including model offer letters, and role play, both demonstration and direct involvement, will be used to illustrate key concepts.
 

Although the number of women entering medical school has increased considerably over the past 30 years, the number of women in academic medicine is still low, and the number of women promoted to more senior ranks is even more alarming. This workshop will provide an overview of some of the roadblocks and unwritten rules of academics as well as address strategies to overcome these. Participants will be encouraged to share in the discussion and provide their unique insight. Traditional and less traditional approaches to success will be discussed as well as balancing strategies for women with complex lives. The goal is to allow for support and networking as well as to identify and facilitate mentoring opportunities within the Pediatric Academic Societies.
 

Children who are victims of violent behavior or merely observers of violence may learn destructive or self-destructive patterns of behavior. Violence is a major public health problem. This symposium will focus on breaking the cycle of violence and will showcase speakers who are working on violence prevention in the pediatric emergency department, school and community. The speakers will demonstrate what can be done by physicians who see the importance of this issue and the ways in which we can make a difference.

Violence Prevention in Primary Care: Moving from Public Health to Private Practice
Robert D. Sege, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA

Beyond Treat and Street: Violence Prevention in the Emergency Department
Joel Fein, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA

Efforts in the Community
Sheryl A. Ryan, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY

Clinician-educators are those physicians whose career activities combine patient care and teaching and whose scholarly activities promote excellence in medical education. With this interactive workshop, it is expected that participants will learn a practical approach to their career development and will:

1. Have a better understanding of the motivations, career plans and challenges of clinician-educators;
2. Be able to develop a career 'map' for junior clinician-educators;
3. Learn how a mentoring program can help the clinician-educator plan and develop his/her career, including suggestions on how mentors and mentees can contribute to enhancing professional academic skills;
4. Be able to identify faculty development needs and participate in useful and effective faculty development, having a better understanding of specific faculty development activities and the evidence for the effectiveness of these activities;
5. Have a better understanding of the evaluation of teachers and how these evaluations are used for faculty development and promotion;
6. Learn guidelines for developing an effective teaching dossier.

This workshop will be of interest to both junior faculty with an interest in developing their academic careers as clinician-educators and to senior faculty and administrators responsible for supporting junior faculty in the areas of teaching and education.
 

Many new developments in hand-held technology or personal digital assistants (PDA) can positively impact on medical education and medical care. As the technology improves and interfaces with internet-based information and electronic medical records become available, the potential for improving access to information and defining standards of care are clear. Residency programs have utilized PDAs for provision of program information, documentation of procedures/patient panels and access to medical references and information. PDAs have proved useful in a variety of applications in residency program administration. The ability to access medical information from PDA formularies, medical texts and internet sites is now changing the ability of pediatricians to obtain relevant information in a timely manner. Interfaces with electronic medical records offer new opportunities for clinical decision making, documentation and billing.

This workshop will review the trends in the use of the PDA in these areas and demonstrate the use of the PDA in patient tracking, residency program documentation, access to formularies and medical references, searches of medical literature and office and hospital documentation. Participants will be asked to provide feedback and, after discussion in small group settings, will provide a series of recommendations from pediatric faculty regarding the direction of PDA development for pediatric medical education and care and emphasis for PDA applications in the future. We look forward to a stimulating discussion and useful interchange.
 

Leadership positions arise at multiple levels, and career paths often take different trajectories. There is no single game plan to ensure academic success or professional prominence.

This workshop will highlight the personal experiences of four nationally prominent pediatricians as a means of illustrating both the differences in career progression and the similarities that are present in the stories of successful leaders in the field of medicine. Means by which one can get involved in national organizations will also be discussed. Participants are encouraged to bring specific issues related to barriers to success to the group.
 

The newly formed Fellowship Directors' SIG welcomes directors of General Pediatrics fellowship programs throughout the United States and Canada to this inaugural meeting. The SIG is designed to offer a forum for fellowship directors to discuss their common goals and challenges. The agenda will include discussions of recruitment, program funding, fellow performance feedback and review and relationships with Divisions of General Pediatrics and other academic units. We will also hold breakout sessions for directors whose programs predominantly focus on different training areas: clinical expertise, medical education and research.
 

Drs. Thomas Boat and David Williams, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, will discuss a proposal for the establishment—on a national scale—of Pediatric Centers of Research Excellence.

Pediatric Centers of Research Excellence
Thomas F. Boat, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Contact for information:
Nina F. Schor, M.D., Ph.D.
Phone: (412) 692-6182
Email: nfschor@pitt.edu
 

The National Children’s Study is a national prospective, longitudinal study of environmental effects, including physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial effects, on child health and development. The goal of the study is to improve the health and well-being of children. The study will examine these environmental effects on the health and development of more than 100,000 children across the United States, following them from before birth until age 21. The study is led by a consortium of federal agency partners: the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). For additional information, visit the website at http://www.nationalchildrensstudy.gov/.

The National Children’s Study—An Overview
Duane Alexander, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

The National Children’s Study—Methods
Peter C. Scheidt, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Children’s Health and Environmental Exposures: The Most Important Unanswered but Answerable Questions
Michael Weitzman, The AAP Center for Child Health Research at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

Career and program development in pediatric departments is increasingly tied to the generation of resources that support these efforts as well as cost-containment efforts. This workshop will address the application of business principles and approaches that should be useful to current directors of programs, or those who aspire to be directors, as they plan and manage these programs. Concepts to be introduced in a case discussion format include cost analyses, longitudinal budgeting, mission-based budgeting, business plan development and productivity analysis and enhancement.
 

The Minority Faculty Development workshop will engage junior, mid-career and senior faculty in the discussions of how to promote and actively support minority faculty in choosing academic careers and/or sustaining them through the academic promotion system. In this, the third year of this workshop, prominent faculty at institutions from around the country will respond to key questions on mentorship, success in obtaining research and program funding and maintaining focus on the commitment to medicine and community. The panelists will also emphasize leadership in academics, presented against the backdrop of the current AAMC statistics on minority faculty. As in the previous two years, this workshop will be highly interactive with participants actively engaged in discussions with the moderators and the panelists.
 

The ACGME has instituted new resident work hours regulations to take as of July 2003. Clearly such regulations will impact on the structure of most residency training programs. The goals of this workshop are to explain the regulations and learn ways to accommodate to the regulations—not only meeting the work hour limits but how to continue to incorporate teaching in the lives of the residents. The presenters are all experienced New York residency directors who have taken different approaches to meeting the 405 regulations. After an introduction reviewing the regulations the presenters will explain some specific methods that have been successfully used, including creative scheduling, night float systems and the incorporation of additional providers.
 

International child health work can take many forms, and there are an endless number of agencies involved. This workshop is meant to be an introduction to acquaint the pediatrician with what the options are and how to prepare for an experience in a third world country. Several pediatricians will discuss their experience in teaching and in international pediatric health care provision in developing countries. The presentations will include (1) what it takes to be prepared to go to international emergency situations, (2) what is needed to prepare for a longer-term experience in teaching or providing health care in a developing country, (3) what preparation is needed for a two week or one month "vacation" work experience in a developing country, and 4) what some of the agencies are that provide the options.

Sponsored by the American Pediatric Society.
 

Most formal instruction in professionalism and communication occurs in the pre-clinical years of medical school, with an acknowledged need to fortify and apply these competencies during the clinical years. Role modeling provides a powerful way to teach professionalism, particularly when mentors identify specific learning goals and focus the learner's observations. This workshop will teach participants a process called the Students' Clinical Observations of Preceptors (SCOOP), which reverses the traditional direction of structured observations. With written cues to focus their observations, students observe their preceptors, who intentionally model professionalism and communication during clinical encounters. Students and preceptors discuss the observed patient/physician interaction during post-encounter sessions. Film clips, video presentation, group discussion and role play will be utilized to ensure participants gain the knowledge and skills necessary to perform SCOOPs.
 

The use of rubrics for performance-based (competency-based) assessment is widely used in the social sciences but is new to medical education. This workshop will present the concept of rubrics in performance-based assessment including assessment trends in medical education. Guidelines for the development of rubrics will be provided and discussed using medical examples developed by the program leaders. Participants will then work in small groups to develop a rubric assessing one of the ACGME core competencies. The products of this hands-on session will be shared and discussed with the rest of the participants. Participants will then use these rubric-based competency assessment tools to evaluate actual resident–patient encounters videotaped in a primary care setting.
 

The application of imaging technologies to solving questions in biology and medicine is revolutionizing medicine by accelerating analyses in situ and in vivo and providing new perspectives on biological processes as diverse as development, neoplasia and injury repair. In this plenary session, three internationally recognized speakers will focus on developmental processes and discuss how these new imaging technologies are providing dynamic insights into the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that underpin hematopoiesis and vascular development.

Introduction
Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

Dynamic Imaging of Fluid Forces in Developing Mouse Vasculature
Mary Dickinson, Beckman Institute–Caltech, Pasadena, CA

Microscopic Imaging of Angiogenesis
Donald M. McDonald, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Watching Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment and Hematopoiesis in Living Animals
Christopher H. Contag, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

Questions from the audience
 

Being an effective leader requires tremendous self-awareness. This workshop will challenge you to move in this direction, to think seriously about what motivates you, what you value and your vision for your future. Your "take away" will be a personal strategic plan, created through hard work that will "pay" tremendous benefits. In this session you will:

1. Create or refine a personal mission statement,
2. Compare and contrast your values and mission with those of your organization,
3. Assess your current activities in light of your mission and values,
4. Discuss strategies for dealing with the differences you discover (if any) and
5. Develop a personal strategic plan.

Come prepared to be engaged in the discussions, being honest with yourself and others. In addition, bring along the mission statement of your organization for comparison and discussion. If this is not available, take a few minutes beforehand to write down what you believe the mission of your organization is so you can compare it with your own mission statement.

All academic pediatricians are involved in writing scientific papers. This workshop will explore how to become more involved in both scientific and creative writing. Pediatricians who have become more involved in writing and/or editing will share their experiences. Panelists will discuss how to get your foot into the door, practical aspects of learning the trade, writing creatively, writing more effectively scientifically, editing and publishing. This is a 'how-to' workshop in order to help the pediatrician who has never focused on this type of work see whether it could be a new career or hobby. Sponsored by the American Pediatric Society.
 

Genetics and molecular medicine have revolutionized medicine in the past decade. Rapid advances have posed a challenge for faculty who are charged with teaching and role modeling how to incorporate molecular medicine into everyday practice.

This workshop will engage participants to develop a framework that they can use at their home institutions to both train faculty and model for students and residents, how to incorporate these principles for all patients. We will then share a framework, conceived at a national conference of experts in genetics and medical education and adapted from the model used at Montefiore by Bob Marion, and have participants develop a process for incorporating this into their home settings.
 

Worldwide, more than 1,500 children per day become infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission. Currently there are 2.7 million children living with HIV infection across the globe, >90% of whom reside in developing countries. While there have been enormous successes in the prevention and treatment of pediatric AIDS in the United States and Europe, it remains an open question as to how effectively these public health gains can be replicated in the poor countries of the world, which bear the greatest burden of disease. Efforts to develop an HIV vaccine appropriate for preventing infection among the world's children and adolescents are finally under way on a global scale. We will discuss these issues and accompanying controversies as they apply to the children of the developing world.

AIDS in Children—A Global Public Health Crisis
David L. Pugatch, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Developing Countries—Successes, Failures and Challenges
Catherine M. Wilfert, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Santa Monica, CA and Washington, DC

HIV Treatment for Children—Can the Successes of Rich Countries Be Duplicated in Resource-Poor Settings?
Mark W. Kline, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

Finding an AIDS Vaccine That Works for the World's Children
Richard A. Koup, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Patient safety has become a national focus and initiative from government to regulatory/accreditation bodies to institutions. A substantial proportion of the initial efforts are on understanding epidemiology and risk factors and developing organizational models and tools for identifying concerns and fostering safety improvements. Research to date has identified that children do experience medical errors, these events have unique risk factors and while some types of errors are comparable to adult populations, other types are unique to children. In this session we will examine several key elements in efforts to address safety now and in the future: how to tackle patient safety in real time and create cultural change, role of information technology, how to create and promote metrics to measure performance and sources of funding for ongoing work.

In specific, we will examine one institution’s successes and lessons learned from implementing a combined ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ system of teams to address safety. We will examine the history of information technology and hear work evaluating the use of information technology in the primary care setting. Next we will examine national efforts to create pediatric-specific measures of quality of care and how these measures are being promoted and implemented nationwide. Last we will hear an overview of research findings to date from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s $165 million investment in patient safety research and explore new and ongoing funding sources for this research.

The Josie King Patient Safety Program at Johns Hopkins University
Marlene R. Miller, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Role of IT in Patient Safety
Kevin B. Johnson, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

PediQS and National Efforts To Promote Measurement of Children’s Healthcare
Stephen Lawless, Nemours Foundation, Wilmington, DE

AHRQ’s Patient Safety Initiative and Findings to Date
Dan Stryer, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD

Discussion
 

This workshop grows out of our 20 years of experience in running a clinical ethics consult service at an academic pediatric medical center. We will present audience participants with several consultations that we have evaluated at our hospital and elicit from the participants various strategies to deal with these consults. We will guide the discussion toward solutions and methods that we have found successful, while pointing out pitfalls that we have learned to avoid.

In addition, with the willing participation of the audience, we will induce several of the more important "framing issues" upon which modern clinical medical ethics stands (autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, distributive justice, etc.). We will attempt to demonstrate clinical situations in which some of these concepts appear to dominate and others where they appear to come into conflict. We will provide an intellectual framework that will allow the audience participants to feel comfortable not just "answering" consults, but teaching others why some "answers" are better than others.

We will offer specific methods for participants to create programs in clinical ethics at their own institutions, and specific suggestions for how clinical ethics programs can be evaluated, both by their creators and by other "outside" educators and administrators.
 

Working part time (PT) is a component of both general and subspecialty pediatrics. Professional as well as personal goals can be met successfully in the context of PT work making working PT a consideration in overall career planning. While the number of pediatricians choosing this career path is increasing, unless an individual is lucky enough to have a local mentor, there is little guidance in making this career decision. There are three components in making the decision to work PT: (1) discovery, (2) strategy/implementation and (3) living with the decision. Discovery is one of the key but frequently neglected components in the decision-making process. Discovery includes both identifying the practical considerations that make PT work either desirable or necessary and the self-assessment of the suitability of one's emotional, academic and professional needs for PT work. Even in those selecting PT work, the lack of strategies for negotiation and implementation may limit one's success. Detailed attention to implementation can increase the coherence of the needs and wants of the physician with those of the workplace, increasing likely success. The objectives of the workshop are to:

1. Allow participants to assess the issues involved with working PT and evaluate the appropriateness of PT work in their life situation and
2. Enable participants to identify strategies for negotiation and paprameters of successful implementation of PT work.