Academic and Research Skills

Last updated February 4, 2005

Saturday, May 14

8:00am–11:00am
4152—Design and Conduct of Randomized Clinical Trials
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Mark A. Klebanoff, Bethesda, MD

This workshop will cover principles of clinical trials including defining the questions, assessing outcomes, defining the study and control treatments, single- versus multi-center trials, reasons for and methods of randomization, eligibility and exclusions, blinding, analysis strategies and early stopping. The format will be didactic with extensive open discussion.

Objectives:

1. To understand how clinical trials are designed, conducted and analyzed.

2. To interpret journal reports of clinical trials.

Method of Instruction: Interactive discussion with didactic material and case-based learning.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty

8:00am–11:00am
4154—Getting the Most Out of Searching the Medical Literature
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Michael Clarke, Elk Grove Village, IL

Are you making the most out of your time spent searching the medical literature? Are your literature searches returning the results you were looking for? Are you harnessing the full power of the latest search technologies?

Many literature searches start and end with PubMed. And while PubMed is an excellent search tool, this workshop will demonstrate other searching possibilities, such as cross-journal and journal-specific searches with HighWire. We will demonstrate how to perform sophisticated searches, how to automate your searches and store them and how to receive e-mail alerts when search results are matched.

A section of the workshop will also discuss downloading search results to reference management software.
 

8:00am–11:00am
4157—Scholarship in Medical Education: Where the Rubber Hits the Road
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Larrie Greenberg, Potomac, MD; Co-leaders: Fred A. McCurdy, Mary Ottolini, Philip O. Ozuah

The thrust of this workshop on educational scholarship, facilitated by four well-published medical educators, will be to identify the Carnegie Foundation's definition of scholarship, how that should be evaluated and for participants to develop their own approach to an educational problem. Participants will identify barriers to performing scholarship and will have the opportunity to apply Glassick's criteria to two published papers on medical education.

Participants will work in groups, each of which will include one of the facilitators as a resource. The groups, using a preselected educational problem, will generate a hypothesis and develop a methodology and an appropriate evaluation. It is expected that the groups will continue to see their projects through to completion after the workshop, i.e., developing a product, with the assistance of each of the workshop facilitators.

Objectives:

1. To recognize the Carnegie Foundation's work on identifying and evaluating scholarship.

2. To develop an hypothesis, methodology and evaluation to an educational problem.

Method of Instruction: This workshop will utilize the mini-lecture, group interaction, group problem solving, and mentoring as methods to attain the objectives.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 Saturday, MAY 14

8:00am–11:00am
4159—Teaching Otoscopy Skills: New Technologies To Bring Otoscopy Out of the "Black Box"
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Woodson S. Jones, Bethesda, MD; Co-leaders: Christine L. Johnson, Phillip H. Kaleida, Jeffrey L. Longacre

Recent studies, including research by the workshop presenters, have identified wide variation in otoscopic diagnostic skills in both pediatricians and pediatric residents. Traditionally, teaching of otoscopic skills has relied primarily on repetitive examinations accompanied by didactic sessions, with limited supervision of learners' assessment of the contents of the "Black Box" at the end of the ear canal. This workshop will present and allow participants an opportunity to operate new technologies (e.g., video otoscope systems) that enhance both teaching and assessment of otoscopic skills. Participants will also learn about other resources (videos/CDs, web-based tools, diagnostic adjuncts, tympanograms, etc.) for teaching and assessment of otoscopic skills and how each may be integrated into medical training.

Objectives:

1. Participants will acquire knowledge and skills to utilize new teaching technologies, including a video otoscopic system.

2. Participants will acquire knowledge necessary to develop and incorporate new otoscopic teaching approaches in their respective training programs.

Method of Instruction: Several teaching strategies, to include didactics, hands-on experience with equipment (e.g., video otoscopic systems, tympanograms) and roundtable discussions.

Target Audience: Junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty
 Saturday, MAY 14

8:00am–11:00am
4171—Division Directors of General Pediatrics
APA Special Interest Group
Chairs: Gary A. Emmett, gemmett@nemours.org; Panelists: Danielle Laraque, Christian Derauf, Tina Cheng

Welcome all division directors and other interested attendees! The program will start with presentations on:

• How Do We Keep the (Three-Legged) Stool Standing? Balancing our missions of clinical care, education, and research.

• Perspectives from Three Divisions

• Strengthening General Academic Pediatrics: A Proposal to have APA Accreditation of Academic General Pediatric Fellowship Programs

The session will end with a business meeting of the SIG to report on APA Board and SIG activities and open up to issues of divisions across the country.

Some updates include:

• Revision of program requirements for residency education in pediatrics by the Pediatric Residency Review Committee.

• Compilation of a list of division directors in pediatrics and plan for a survey.
   

11:45am–2:45pm
4541—Clinician-Educators: Roles, Rewards and Strategies for Career Development
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Robert Hilliard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Co-leaders: Ann Jefferies, Karen Leslie

Clinician-educators combine patient care, teaching and scholarly activities that promote excellence in medical education. This interactive workshop will include small group discussions and case problem solving. It is expected that participants will learn a practical approach to their career development and will:

1. have a better understanding of the motivation, roles and challenges of clinician-educators, including recruitment and advancement;

2. be able to develop a career 'map' for clinician-educators;

3. learn how a mentoring program can help the clinician-educator;

4. be able to identify useful and effective faculty development activities;

5. have a better understanding of the scholarly activities in education;

6. learn guidelines for developing an effective teaching dossier.

Objectives:

1. Have a better understanding of the motivations, roles, rewards and challenges of clinician-educators.

2. Be able to plan their careers as clinician-educators through mentorship, effective faculty development activities and effective teaching dossiers.

Method of Instruction: large group question and answer, small group discussions, and small group case problem solving.

Target Audience: Junior faculty with an interest in developing their academic careers as clinician-educators and senior faculty/administrators responsible for supporting junior faculty in the areas of teaching and education.
 

11:45am–2:45pm
4542—Elegant Alternatives to Randomized Trials To Estimate Treatment Effects
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Thomas B. Newman, San Francisco, CA

Randomized trials are the most reliable method of estimating treatment effects, but they may be impractical and costly. In this workshop we will review some elegant observational designs and strategies that can provide a strength of causal inference close to that from randomized trials, both more quickly and less expensively. We will begin with a discussion of some of these strategies, presenting specific observational studies and trying to figure out what, if anything, makes them particularly convincing. In the second half of the workshop, participants will work together in small groups to design observational studies of research questions for which one of the covered designs or strategies might be suitable.

This is an intermediate to advanced workshop. Participants should already be familiar with basic observational study designs, multivariate analysis and concepts like bias, confounding and interaction.

Objectives:

1. Understand how propensity scores and instrumental variables can be used to control confounding.

2. Understand how measurements of additional predictor and outcome variables can provide evidence on whether confounding is present.

Method of Instruction: Lecture with multiple real examples, followed by small group problem solving (unless group is too big and prefers not to, as happened last year).

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

11:45am–2:45pm
4546—Like Water from Stone: Time Management Essentials for Academic Pediatricians
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Hema Patel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Co-leaders: Karl J. Moore, Saleem I. Razack, Laurel K. Taylor

Insufficient time is frequently cited as a reason that junior faculty do not achieve academic goals. Improving the efficiency of your available time may improve productivity. In this workshop, practical tips on time management will be discussed. In small groups, participants will rotate through four interactive stations within the workshop: calendar and agenda basics, how to run a meeting, taming the email beast and minimizing procrastination. Through these stations, participants will develop a framework for effective time management in the academic setting. We will borrow tried and true principles from the business world and demonstrate some everyday applications for busy academic pediatricians. Bring your agenda books!

Objectives:

1. Articulate a framework for effective time management in the academic setting.

2. Outline and apply specific time management strategies applicable in his/her own context of practice.

Method of Instruction: Participant interaction will be strongly encouraged in this workshop. Participants will be divided into smaller groups of approximately 12–15 people in order to facilitate the techniques of: roundtable discussion, case-based problem solving, break-out groups and buzz groups.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty
 

11:45am–2:45pm
4547—Negotiation Skills Vital for Success: What Every Woman Should Know About Negotiating an Academic Position
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Linda K. Snelling, Providence, RI

Success in any arena requires a positive attitude, a sound strategy and effective negotiation for the means to achieve one's goals. Does your attitude toward negotiating money, success and power inspire or impede your achievement?

To achieve the means to success, women must understand the role of negotiation, recognize when they should be negotiating and accept that negotiation is expected on a regular and frequent basis. Powerful negotiation requires both a philosophy and a skill set. These can be acquired and developed similarly to any other philosophy or skill set necessary for the practice of academic medicine. This workshop aims to inspire women to examine past beliefs and attitudes toward competition and negotiation and to teach women the basic steps toward the development of effective negotiation skills.

Objectives:

1. To learn powerful and positive negotiation skills.

2. To describe production, contributions and value in economic terms.

Method of Instruction: Powerpoint presentation, problem solving and attendee participation.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 Saturday, MAY 14

11:45am–2:45pm
4549—Using High-Fidelity Patient Simulators in Pediatric Training
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Mark D. Adler, Chicago, IL; Co-leaders: Elizabeth (Betsy) Hunt, Viva Jo Siddall, Jennifer L. Trainor

This workshop will offer three varied approaches to the use of a high-fidelity human patient simulator (HPS) in pediatrics. We will briefly introduce the participant to HPS technology, its costs, and support needs. We will demonstrate:

1. Use of a portable HPS in on-ward surprise mock code drill at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

2. Use of a pediatric HPS mannequin for pediatric resident core competency evaluation.

3. Quick-hit scenarios—use of a simulator to instruct larger groups. We will describe the use of brief scenarios in which 2–3 trainees participate and a larger group observe and rate the performance of the active participants.

Participants will gain an understanding of current ways pediatric programs are or could use an HPS system.

Objectives:

1. Learn what high-fidelity simulators can do from an educational and evaluation standpoint.

2. Understand the benefits and limitations of pediatric high-fidelity patient simulation.

Method of Instruction: We plan to bring a pediatric simulator (PediaSIM ECS, METI, Sarasota, FL) to use as the focal point of our session. We plan to demonstrate three examples of teaching or evaluation approaches. Each example will begin with a group discussion followed by a demonstration of the method. Participants will have time to interact with the simulator and will be involved in the simulation examples.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

11:45am–2:45pm
4550—Writing a Winning Abstract for a Scientific Meeting
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: William Basco, Charleston, SC; Co-leader: Debra Bogen

This 3-hour session will review the "Dos and Don'ts" of writing a scientific abstract, with primary emphasis on preparing abstracts for submission to meetings. Using an interactive format, the facilitators will review suggested practices for abstract writing, focusing on producing clear and effective titles and abstracts. The presenters will review scoring criteria for several meetings to illustrate important considerations in writing an abstract. Participants will learn the "Ten-Step Technique" to writing an abstract. We will review and discuss examples of titles and abstracts both submitted to meetings and published in the medical literature. Finally, participants will review a manuscript provided during the session and will write their own "Objective" and "Method" sections of an abstract on the basis of the manuscript. Examples from participants' abstracts will be reviewed anonymously with the group to illustrate effective abstract writing principles.
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4870—Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: News You Can Use!
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Denise Dougherty, Rockville, MD; Co-leader: Francis Chesley

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has changed since the last time the PAS came to Washington, DC! Attend this session to learn about AHRQ's new mission and how it is being implemented, including our emphasis on quality healthcare and translating research into practice, plus funding priorities and new and enhanced data sources for health services research. Get a tour of AHRQ's new funding website, and learn how the AHRQ application and funding process differs from that of the NIH. Most importantly, meet key AHRQ staff face to face.
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4871—Cell Biology Methods
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Kathleen Sakamoto, Los Angeles, CA

Recent advances in molecular and cellular techniques have provided new approaches to studying the role of gene function in a variety of human diseases. It is critical for Pediatricians and Pediatric subspecialists to understand the basis and use of these emerging technologies. This workshop will provide an overview of new cell biology methods that are currently being used. The topics include RNA interference, purification of stem cells, microarray analysis and gene profiling and approaches to flow cytometry. Upon completion of this workshop, participants will be able to describe (a) design and application of siRNA and shRNA, (b) approaches to stem cell purification, (c) application of gene profiling/expression arrays, and (d) uses of FACs analysis.
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4873—Database Management: A Case Study
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Robert O. Wright, Boston, MA; Co-leader: David K. Shay

In this workshop participants will be introduced to concepts of database management and basic programming skills. Using a case-based teaching approach, data entry and variable coding will be illustrated. Participants will generate graphs and tables, trouble shoot the database, write a statistical program and conduct a multivariate data analysis. No background in statistics is necessary, but moderate computer skills will be needed if you bring your laptop.

Objectives:

1. Understand data entry.

2. Utilize statistical software.

Method of Instruction: case-based teaching.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4874—Family-Centered Rounds: Overcoming Barriers To Get Back to the Bedside
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Stephen Muething, Cincinnati, OH; Co-leaders: William Brinkman, Jeffrey Simmons

At academic medical centers, it is common for attending physician rounds (patient presentations and rounds discussions) to occur in a conference room far removed from the patient and family. A recent AAP policy statement entitled, "Family-Centered Care and the Pediatrician's Role," calls for rounds of all hospitalized patients to occur at the bedside in the presence of the patient and family. 'Family-Centered Rounds' are meant to facilitate information sharing and encourage active family involvement in decision-making. Drawing on their own experience as well as on the Cincinnati Children's Hospital experience during the Robert Wood Johnson Pursuing Perfection Initiative, workshop participants will become familiar with the basic principles of family-centered care and will develop practical strategies for overcoming barriers to return rounds to the bedside.

Objectives:

1. Participants will understand the basic principles of family-centered care in the inpatient setting.

2. Participants will develop practical strategies to overcome barriers to delivering family-centered care at the bedside of the hospitalized patient.

Method of Instruction: small group discussion, didactic presentation, videotaped rounding vignettes, question and answer, and small group problem solving sessions.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4875—From Lectures to Modules: Designing/Developing Online Teaching and Learning Materials
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Kadriye O. Lewis, Cincinnati, OH; Co-leader: Raymond C. Baker

Lectures have traditionally been the most common teaching method in medical education. With the advent of computers and the World Wide Web, medical institutions have recognized their potential as sources of information and aid to learning and are encouraging medical educators to put their courses or training materials online. Many educators, however, unfamiliar with the potential of online learning, simply transfer their lectures to an online text format rather than taking advantage of the rich electronic resources that are available. The educational literature shows that such technology can improve the quality of education. This workshop will provide guidelines and hands-on experience in designing and developing instructional modules on the Web using a range of teaching options and strategies for online teaching.

Objectives:

1. To learn how to adapt traditional course materials to an online format that uses modules to offer content, links to Web-based resources and video, Web-based interactive activities and online discussion conferences.

2. To encourage medical educators to put their teaching modules online for a wider audience.

Method of Instruction: Hands-on activities in small groups, large group discussion, brief didactic presentation and small group discussion.

Target Audience: junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty

This workshop is sponsored by the APA Faculty Development Program.
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4877—Management Skills You Need When Asked To Be the Medical Director
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Angelo P. Giardino, Philadelphia, PA

Using an interactive format, the workshop will begin with a general approach to administration looking at fiscal, personnel and quality improvement issues.

Objectives:

1. Participants will gain experience with the technical skills necessary to review a budget.

2. Participants will become aware of the management skills necessary to be a Medical Director.

Method of Instruction: (1) Interactive format, Q & A, brainstorming; (2) small group work.

Target Audience: junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4879—Mentoring: The Key to Academic Success
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Howard Bauchner, Boston, MA; Co-leader: William Adams

Mentoring is the key to academic success, yet few formal curricula exist. We will discuss the mentoring process, focusing on a number of specific issues, including distinguishing between career- and project-specific mentoring, securing adequate time to mentor, helping junior faculty network, solving mentoring–mentee problems and evaluating the mentoring process. Didactic information, reflection and discussion of case vignettes will be part of the workshop.

Objectives:

1. To provide faculty with information that will help them become successful mentors.

2. To help new faculty understand the mentoring process.

Method of Instruction: Didactic presentation, reflection, case-study and case discussion.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

3:15pm–5:15pm
4881—Tools for Making Group/Team Decisions
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Larrie Greenberg, Potomac, MD; Co-leader: Christine O. Corriveau

In the complex world of academic medicine there are many opportunities for group or team decision-making. Many departments confront familiar issues like prioritizing ACGME competencies, improving inpatient teaching and sorting out strategic plans. However, few of us as academicians have received leadership development training in this area.

In this workshop, faculty at all levels, but especially those with administrative responsibilities, will have an opportunity to learn, apply and use tools for making team decisions and generating solutions to problems. These tools include brainstorming, the SLIP method, paired weighting, the nominal group technique, the Delphi technique and dialog via the 'talking stick'.

Objectives:

1. To identify tools that contribute to group/team decision-making.

2. To provide opportunities for participants to learn the tools and then apply them in small groups.

Method of Instruction: This workshop will encourage reflection, small group interactions, large group interactions, and anaysis of videotapes.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 
 

Sunday, May 15

8:00am–10:00am
5104—Whole Genome Investigation To Identify Susceptibility Genes
PAS Topic Symposium
Chairs: Diana W. Bianchi, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA and Eric P. Hoffman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC

With the completion of the human genome, new tools are now available to identify the genetic determinants for complex pediatric disorders. This symposium will introduce these new tools and discuss how they are being applied to three critically important clinical issues in pediatrics. First, the use of the HapMap and other recent advances in whole genome association studies will be reviewed. Second, the pursuit of susceptibility genes relevant to drug responsiveness will be presented in the realm of pediatric organ transplantation. Third, the identification of susceptibility genes for reading disability will be discussed.

Finally, the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders will be highlighted. The next layer of fundamental understanding of complex disorders in pediatrics will depend heavily on such strategies, and this symposium will relay the matching high levels of excitement and rigor with which these pursuits should go forth.

Target Audience: Scientists and clinicians involved in investigations of the genetic basis of pediatric diseases.

Whole Genome Association Studies for Complex Traits and Diseases: Role of the HapMap and Other Recent Advances
Joel N. Hirschhorn, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA

Genetic Contribution to Graft and Patient Outcomes After Solid Organ Transplantation
Steven A. Webber, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA

Identifying Susceptibility Genes for Reading Disability
Jeffrey R. Gruen, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

The Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Anthony P. Monaco, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
 

8:00am–11:00am
5231—Balancing Career and Family: Perspectives from Two Generations
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Lydia A. Shrier, Boston, MA; Co-leader: Diane K. Shrier

Co-led by a pediatrician daughter and her child psychiatrist mother, this workshop will focus on a variety of ways to effectively balance a medical career with a family over the course of one's life. Vignettes and brief video clips will be presented to stimulate an interactive discussion on individual, practice and institutional changes that better enable life balancing, the impact of physician lifestyle and personality traits on family life, the range of career choices, child care and timing of children and generational and gender differences in attitudes and behavior that impact on finding useful role models, mentors and peer support. Resource materials and a summary of specific recommendations will be provided.

Objectives:

1. To raise awareness of the complexities of balancing career and family.

2. To enhance knowledge of potential solutions and resources for better balance.

Method of Instruction: Vignettes (by presentation and videotape), question-and-answer and problem solving.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty
 

8:00am–11:00am
5232—Design and Analysis of Childhood Cohort Studies
PAS Educational Workshop
 Leader: Cynthia Minkovitz, Baltimore, MD; Co-leaders: Jennifer Hawes-Dawson, Kamila Mistry, Amy Rathbun, Mark Schuster, Jerry West

Childhood longitudinal cohort studies provide opportunities to examine environmental influences on children's health over time. They also inform understanding of developmental trajectories and design of sound policies and programs.

This workshop introduces three prospective cohort studies with public use data. The Healthy Steps for Young Children evaluation follows 5,565 families whose young children received enhanced developmental services. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies follows 10,600 newborns and 22,000 kindergarteners to study development, health, child care and education. Healthy Passages follows 5,250 10-year olds and describes evolving adolescent behaviors.

Participants will review methodological considerations related to sampling design, variable specification, data collection timing and cohort maintenance. Using interactive breakout groups, participants will propose strategies and challenges for using cohort studies to address new research questions.

Objectives:

1. Knowledge of three childhood cohort studies and their public use data sets.

2. Skills related to strategic issues with cohort studies (e.g., sampling, variable specification, tracking, cohort maintenance).

Method of Instruction: (1) Interactive discussion of three childhood cohort studies with question-and-answer period incorporated, (2) facilitated breakout groups to apply principles of cohort design to address new research questions

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty.
 

8:00am–11:00am
5233—Direct Observation of Residents in Their Natural Habitat: Documenting ACGME Competencies and Giving Feedback in a Busy Clinical Setting
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Ellie Hamburger, Washington, DC; Co-leaders: Dale Coddington, Sandra Cuzzi, J. Lindsey Lane, Joseph O. Lopreiato

Direct observation of residents in the clinical setting is now mandated by the RRC and AAMC as a method to document competence in patient care, communication skills and professionalism. Who has the time? How many observations are needed? How can we standardize our observations to make them valid and reliable? This workshop will address those questions and more as we review potential uses for and pitfalls in direct observation. Using videos of resident encounters, participants will practice using two tools, one of which has been adapted for ACGME competency documentation. We will discuss the practicalities of implementation, including faculty development. Participants will head back to their programs armed with tools to implement a feasible, systematic approach to resident observation and its documentation.

Objectives:

1. Understand the tools available for structured evaluation of residents in the clinical setting.

2. Develop new strategies to implement a system of direct observation and feedback for residents that incorporates documentation of ACGME competencies.

Method of Instruction: We will begin the session with a survey of workshop participants: their experience with observation, documentation and feedback in the clinical setting. After a review of existing clinical observation tools and their strengths and weaknesses, we will introduce two tools for documentation of clinical observation as an example for discussion of implementation of systematic observation in a given program. We will show videotapes of resident clinical encounters to allow the group to practice use of the tools, after which we will break into "implementation groups" to discuss: 1. methods of implementation, 2. practical methods of evaluating and documenting competencies, 3. faculty development for use of such a tool. Final discussion will incorporate feedback from groups and focus on steps for successful implementation of systematic direct observation of and feedback to residents in a residency program.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty
 

8:00am–11:00am
5235—How To Do Research in Pediatric Education and Get It Published
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: James M. Perrin, Boston, MA; Co-leaders: John P Co, Benjamin Siegel

Increasing numbers of pediatric faculty have taken on studies of pediatric education, and new and promising techniques can help pediatric educators in these investigations. Many academic centers have a wealth of researchers who can collaborate with pediatric educators in their efforts. This workshop provides guidance in choosing a research question, determining how to study it using both qualitative and quantitative methods and writing up the study for publication. Based on the experience of Ambulatory Pediatrics, the leaders will share reasons for success and failure in publishing research in pediatric education. Participants will work on their own research questions as well as studies that the journal has evaluated.

Objectives:

1. To describe ways of defining interesting questions in research in pediatric education and clarify strategies for the presentation of research methods and findings for journal publication.

2. To compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research in pediatric education.

Method of Instruction: (1) case examples of research papers sent to "Ambulatory Pediatrics" for review; (2) characterization of reasons for rejecting papers; (3) brief, didactic presentations on qualitative and quantitative methods and on guides to publication; and (4) research problems for participants to work on in small groups.

Target Audience: Trainee, junior faculty, mid-level faculty.
 

8:00am–11:00am
5236—Managing Others, Managing Oneself: The Art and Science of Leading Groups
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Robert A. Doughty, Jacksonville, FL; Co-leader: Patricia Williams

Medical training does little to prepare physicians for the challenges of leading others. Although physicians selected for leadership positions frequently possess natural ability to function in the role, most receive little formal training in requisite skills needed to lead effectively. This participatory workshop offers individuals the opportunity to learn theories about the roles of leaders in enhancing group functioning and to practice core leadership skills. Participants will develop a roadmap for enhancing their own leadership style.

Objectives:

1. Determine their own group leadership strengths and weaknesses.

2. Enhance their ability to lead groups and manage group dysfunction.

Method of Instruction: Participatory small and large group exercises and discussion with limited presentations of brief conceptual lecturettes

Target Audience: junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty
 

8:00am–11:00am
5239—Transgenic and Gene Knockout Methods in Mice
PAS Educational Workshop
Leader: Louis Muglia, St. Louis, MO; Co-leader: Scott Saunders

Genetic analyses in mice provide a powerful approach to understanding fundamental areas of interest in pediatrics. Transgenic and gene knockout model systems in mice have advanced our understanding of developmental, physiological and cognitive processes difficult to dissect mechanistically in either lower organisms or humans. In this workshop, a practical framework for the design and production of genetically altered mice will be presented. Discussion will begin with availability of resources for DNA analysis and clone acquisition and progress through consideration of construct production for pronuclear injection or introduction into embryonic stem cells. Limitations in interpretation of findings obtained in conventional transgenic or knockout animals will be reviewed, and methods to overcome these limitations with conditional knockouts or inducible transgenes will be presented.
 

8:00am–11:00am
5251—Faculty Development
APA Special Interest Group
Chairs: Virginia Niebuhr, vniebuhr@utmb.edu; and Latha Chandran, latha.chandran@stonybrook.edu

Snapshots of Faculty Development Activities from Around the Country

If you are beginning your efforts in faculty development and want consultation from experts, the Faculty Development SIG workshop is for you. If you completed the APA Faculty Development Scholars Program and want to visit with old friends, this SIG is for you.

• Former members of the APA Faculty Development Scholars Program will give snapshot presentations of some of the exciting projects at their institutions.