2006 PAS Annual Meeting

April 29–May 2 
San Francisco, California

PIDS Daily Schedule 

 
Saturday, April 28

8:00am–11:00am
2130—Newborn Hearing Screening: From the Bedside to Beyond
PAS/PIDS Mini Course
Chairs: Mark R. Schleiss and Lisa Ann Schimmenti, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN

Target Audience: General pediatricians, geneticists and infectious disease specialists.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants is the most common birth defect, and early detection improves outcome. Evidence from the CDC reveals that less than one half of screened babies are followed up. One possible reason is the low positive predictive value of bedside screening. There is a critical need to augment current strategies to prevent late diagnosis of SNHL. One solution is to propose second-tier testing for the most common causes of SNHL, as the most common causes of newborn hearing loss are infectious and genetic. Of infectious causes, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common. Evidence of CMV infection can be found in 1% of newborns, with 10–15% developing hearing loss or other CNS abnormalities. Of the genetic causes, mutations in GJB2/GJB6 are the most common and are identified in up to one half of individuals with SNHL. The goal of this program will be to examine evidence for inclusion of infectious and genetic screening to augment current newborn screening protocols.

• Diagnostic Evaluation and Management of Childhood Hearing Loss
  Margaret Alene Kenna, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA

• Range of Mutations in GJB2-Associated Hearing Loss
  Lisa Ann Schimmenti, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN

• Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Hearing Loss
  Karen B. Fowler, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

• Newborn Hearing Screening: Audiologic Assessment
  Yvonne Sininger, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

12:00pm–3:00pm
2520—Pediatric Assessment of Sexual Abuse: State of the Science 2006
PAS Mini Course
Chair: Vince Palusci, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI

This three-hour mini course will address the medical evaluation of child sexual abuse in the pediatric setting. The topics that will be addressed are:

– Physical sequelae of sexual abuse: What’s new and how has the literature of the past 10 years shaped this field. 
– Medical conditions that mimic sexual abuse: What a clinician must know about anogenital medical conditions and congenital findings. 
– Sexually transmitted diseases in children: Beyond cultures, DNA amplification techniques in children and the newest recommendations for HIV post assault prophylaxis will be presented.

• Overview
  Vincent J. Palusci, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI

• Interpretation of Medical Findings in Suspected Child Sexual Abuse: Update 2006
  Joyce Adams, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA

• Mimics of Sexual Abuse
  Lori Frasier, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City UT

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Children: Beyond Cultures, DNA Amplification Technology
  Nancy Denny Kellogg, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX

1:00pm–3:00pm
2600—Update on Treatment Options for Acute Otitis Media
PAS/PIDS Hot Topic
Chairs: Tasnee Chonmaitree, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; and Jerome O. Klein, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Pediatricians, pediatric infectious disease specialists and anyone treating otitis media in children.

Otitis media is the most common disease seen in pediatric practice and the main reason for antibiotic prescriptions for children. The practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) provided an option for management of non-severe acute otitis media (AOM) with observation rather than antibiotic treatment. While these guidelines start to affect practice management of AOM, many issues on treatment are still unresolved.

The symposium will address important issues regarding the updated treatment of AOM: 1) analyze the guideline recommendations and antibiotic choices; 2) present results on watchful waiting studies that came out after the guidelines and how to select non-severe AOM cases; 3) answer the questions on whether symptomatic drugs and adjunctive treatment should be used in place of antibiotics; 4) discuss whether withholding antibiotics affects recurrence of the disease.

• AOM Treatment: Making Sense of the AAP/AAFP Guidelines
  Jerome O. Klein, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

• Watchful Waiting in Non-severe AOM: How To Select Cases, and Does It Work in Young Children?
  David P. McCormick, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

• Antihistamine and Corticosteroids: Do They Have Any Role in AOM Treatment?
  Tasnee Chonmaitree, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX

• Recurrent AOM—Is It Influenced by Antibiotics?
  Ron Dagan, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

3:15pm–5:15pm
2735—Update on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
PAS Topic Symposium
Chair: E. Richard Stiehm, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA

Target Audience: Immunologists, rheumatologists, hematologists, oncologists and general pediatricians.

The first talk will be an overview of the various therapeutic monoclonals and some general principles of their use. Then a discussion of Rituximab in refractory immune cytopenias and other disorders will be presented. Then the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment including infliximab and adalimumab (Ramicade and Humira) for rheumatic diseases in children. The final talk will discuss the adverse effects of these therapies and some projections for the future. Discussion will be held after each presentation.

• Overview
  E. Richard Stiehm, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA

• Use of Anti-CD20 (Rituximab) in Hematology and Autoimmunity
  James B. Bussel, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY

• Use of Anti-TNF and Other Cytokine Inhibitors in Rheumatology and Related Illnesses
  Christy Irene Sandborg, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA

• The Downside and Future of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
  Susan Lee, University of California, San Diego, CA

3:15pm–5:15pm
2753—Neonatal Infectious Diseases
PAS/PIDS Poster Symposium

Sunday, April 29

7:00am–8:00am
3040—Infectious Diseases
PAS Meet the Professor

This session is designed to provide trainees and junior faculty with insight and advice concerning the pursuit of an academic career in pediatric infectious diseases. Attention will be given to describing approaches to obtaining the best possible training in clinical infectious diseases, epidemiology, as well as in basic and applied research in the field of pediatric infectious diseases. The importance and value of mentoring will be discussed.

Ellen R. Wald, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

8:00am–10:00am
3100—Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease
PAS/PIDS Topic Symposium
Chairs: Marian Melish, University of Hawaii, Kapiolani Children's Hospital, Honolulu, HI; and Stanford T. Shulman, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

Target Audience: Infectious disease specialists, cardiologists, rheumatologists, immunologists and primary care pediatricians.

Cloning the IgA antibody response in acute Kawasaki Disease has led to exciting new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of this enigmatic illness. The diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki Disease remains a significant clinical problem, and new guidelines have been published to help the clinician in making this diagnosis. Approximately 10–15% of children with acute Kawasaki Disease do not respond to conventional intravenous gammaglobulin and aspirin therapy, and new data regarding treatment with steroids and Remicade are emerging. Knowledge regarding optimal management of cardiac complications and long-term outcome continues to evolve as patients diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease in the 1970s and 1980s age.

• Overview
  Marian E. Melish, University of Hawaii, Kapiolani Children's Hospital, Honolulu, HI

• IgA Response in Acute Kawasaki Disease Targets Inclusion Bodies in Acute Kawasaki Disease Bronchial Epithelium
  Anne H. Rowley, Northwestern University, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL

• Clinical Dilemma of Diagnosing Incomplete Kawasaki Disease
  Jane C. Burns, University of California, San Diego, CA

• Treatment of Refractory Kawasaki Disease
  Stanford T. Shulman, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

• Management of Cardiac Complications and Long-Term Outcome
  Jane W. Newburger, Harvard University, Children’s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–10:00am
3110—Probiotics in Necrotizing Enterocolitis—Their Clinical Effect and Possible Mechanisms
PAS/ASPR/JPS/NASPGHAN Topic Symposium
Chairs: W. Allan Walker, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yuichiro Yamashiro, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Target Audience: Neonatologists, gastroenterologists, pediatric surgeons, NICU nurses and bacteriologists in perinatal medicine.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease seen predominantly in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. NEC is probably a complex, multifactorial disease. Currently, the precise pathogenic mechanisms remain to be elucidated; however, clinical use of probiotics has been reported to be useful for preventing NEC development in VLBW and ELBW infants. This session will provide us the current knowledge about the role of probiotics in the management of NEC.

• Fifteen-Year's Experience of Early Administration of Bifidobacterium Breve to Preterm Infants
  H.  Kitajima, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Materanl and Child Health, Osaka, Japan

• Oral Probiotics Reduces Incidence of NEC in VLBW Infants
  H. C. Lin, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

• Effects of Probiotics on the Immunological Development and Short Chain Fatty Acids in ELBW and VLBW Infants
  Yoshikazu Ohtsuka, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan

• Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation for Prevention from NEC
  Michael S. Caplan, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL

Sponsored jointly by the Asian Society for Pediatric Research; Japan Pediatric Society; North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition and the Pediatric Academic Societies

10:15am–12:00pm
3350—APS Presidential Plenary and Awards
APS Presidential Plenary
Chair: David K. Stevenson, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA

• 2006 APS Presidential Address
  David K. Stevenson, Harold K. Faber Professor of Pediatrics, Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Stanford University School of Medicine; Director, Charles B. and Ann L. Johnson Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Services; Chief, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA

• New Member Outstanding Science Award
  Epithelial Branching and the Origins of Kidney Malformation
  Norman D. Rosenblum, Professor of Paediatrics and Canada Research Chair in Developmental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology & Program in Developmental Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

• 54th Annual John Howland Award
  Kurt Hirschhorn, Professor of Pediatrics, Human Genetics and Medicine, Chairman Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

  • Introduction, John Howland Awardee
    Frederick J. Suchy, Herbert H. Lehman Professor of Pediatrics and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

• Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr. Leadership Award
  Carol D. Berkowitz, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

  • Introduction, Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr. Leadership Award (Introducer TBD: 1-17-06)
    Speaker TBD  

*The Joseph W. St. Geme, Jr. Leadership Award is presented by the Federation of Pediatric Organizations on behalf of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Board of Pediatrics, American Pediatric Society, Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairmen, Association of Pediatric Program Directors and Society for Pediatric Research.

2:00pm–4:00pm
3705—Infections at the Maternal–Placental–Fetal Interface: Immunopathogenesis of Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes and Cytomegalovirus
PAS/PIDS Topic Symposium
Chairs: John R. Schreiber, University of Minnesota Medical School and University of Minnesota Children's Hospital/Fairview, Minneapolis, MN; and Robert F. Pass, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

Target Audience: Neonatologists, infectious disease specialists, immunologists, developmental biologists and general pediatricians.

Infections in newborns commonly result from acquisition either during the delivery process or transplacentally. The host and pathogen factors that contribute to acquisition of infections at the maternal–placental–fetal interface are poorly understood. This symposium will review the basic science and immunopathogenesis of three diverse pathogens that all share the ability to cause infections at the placental level: cytomegalovirus, group B streptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes.

• Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection, Transplacental Spread of Virus and Control by Maternal Immunity
  Lenore Pereira, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

• Host and Bacterial Factors in Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infection
  Craig E. Rubens, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

• Listeriosis in the Pregnant Guinea Pig: A Model of Vertical Transmission
  Daniel A. Portnoy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

4:15pm–5:45pm
3810—RNA Interference, Technological Development of siRNAs and Potential Treatments for Childhood Diseases
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Chair: R. Alan B. Ezekowitz, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Basic scientists studying a broad range of childhood diseases, translational scientists of all disciplines studying clinical implications of basic science research, clinical scientists studying childhood and other diseases in need of improved therapies and clinicians interested in cutting-edge science and its medical implications.

RNA interference is a recently discovered, naturally occurring intracellular process that regulates gene expression through the silencing of specific mRNAs. Methods of harnessing this natural pathway are being developed that allow the catalytic degradation of targeted mRNAs using specifically designed complementary small inhibitory RNAs (siRNA). siRNAs are being chemically modified to acquire drug-like properties. Numerous recent high-profile publications have provided proofs of concept that RNA interference may be useful therapeutically. Much of the design of these siRNAs can be accomplished bioinformatically, thus potentially expediting drug discovery and opening new avenues of therapy for many childhood diseases including uncommon pediatric and orphan diseases. A discussion of the science behind RNA interference will be followed by a presentation of the potential practical issues in applying this technology to disease. The program then describes two therapeutic programs currently under way with applications to pediatric diseases. A question-and-answer time will follow each discussion.

• The Science of RNA Interference
  John J. Rossi, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA

• RNA Interference and Its Potential Applications for Controlling Disease
  Judy Lieberman, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

• Silencing the VEGF Pathway with siRNAs and the Potential Application to Retinopathy of Prematurity
  Pamela Pavco, Sirna Therapeutics, Boulder, CO

• siRNA as Therapy for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  John P. DeVincenzo, University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Memphis, TN

4:15pm–6:15pm
3820—New Resident Work Hours and Quality Care—Synergistic or Antagonistic?
PAS/PPC State of the Art Plenary
Chair: Richard E. Behrman, Federation of Pediatric Organizations, Inc., Menlo Park, CA

The session will identify and address continuing issues regarding resident work hours specifically and the general climate in which resident training occurs in light of the recent ACGME limits on resident work hours. In particular, panelists will discuss what impact the changes are having on both the quality of patient care and the quality of resident education in pediatrics. Participants will hear from three different perspectives, representing the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), Resident Review Committee (RRC) and directors of pediatric residency programs.

• Overview
  Richard E. Behrman, Federation of Pediatric Organizations, Inc., Menlo Park, CA

• ACGME Perspective
  David C. Leach, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL

• Residency Review Committee Perspective
  M. Douglas Jones, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver CO

• Pediatric Program Director's Perspective
  Theodore Sectish, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Public Policy Council, the Public Policy  Advocacy Committee of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association and the Pediatric Academic Societies

4:15pm–6:15pm
3850—Human Milk and Breastfeeding
PAS Poster Symposium

4:15pm–6:15pm
3855—Infectious Diseases I
PAS/PIDS Platform Session

6:00pm–7:15pm
3940A—Neonatal Sepsis Club
Club

• The Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Current and Future Role in the NICU
  William Tarnow-Mordi, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia

• Panel and Audience Discussion

Monday, May 1

8:00am–10:00am
4130—Infectious Diseases II
PAS/PIDS Platform Session

10:15am–12:10pm
4300    SPR Presidential Plenary and Awards

Chair: Philip W. Shaul, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

• Introduction
  Philip W. Shaul, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

• Award Presentations 
  Student Research Awards
  House Officer Awards
  Fellow’s Basic Research Awards
  Fellow’s Clinical Research Awards
  David G. Nathan Award in Hematology/Oncology
  Japan Pediatric Society Fellow Awardees
  Douglas K. Richardson Award for Perinatal and Pediatric Healthcare Research
  Richard D. Rowe Award in Perinatal Cardiology

• Award Lectures
  Young Investigator Award and Lecture
  Maureen Andrew Mentor Award and Lecture

• E. Mead Johnson Awards for Research in Pediatrics and Lectures*

• Presidential Address
  Philip W. Shaul, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

*The E. Mead Johnson Awards are supported by an educational grant from Mead Johnson Nutritionals

12:15pm–1:15pm
4470—The National Children's Study: 2006 Progress Report
PAS/PPC Special Symposium
Chair: Elena Fuentes-Afflick, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: Practicing pediatricians, academic child health professionals, researchers, administrators and policymakers who are interested in child health across the lifespan. Professionals interested in the impact of environmental factors on health outcomes will also be interested.

This special symposium will present an update on the National Children’s Study, including the most recent study plan, current implementation strategies and ethical issues. Dr. Duane Alexander, Director of NICHD, will present an overview of the National Children’s Study. Dr. Peter Scheidt, the Director of the NCS, will provide an update on the status of the study, and Dr. Alan Fleischman, Ethics Advisor, will highlight ethical issues that impact the NCS. A question-and-answer period will allow audience members to pose questions to the leadership of the National Children’s Study.

• Overview
  Elena Fuentes-Afflick, University of California, San Francisco, CA

• The National Children's Study: An Overview
  Duane Alexander, Director, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Progress Report
  Peter C. Scheidt, Director, National Children's Study, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Ethical Issues in the NCS
  Alan R. Fleischman, New York Academy of Medicine, New York and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Public Policy Council and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:00pm–2:45pm
4500   March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology Lecture

Dr. Varshavsky is a pioneer in the study of ubiquitin, a tiny protein that has a very big job. Ubiquitin (from the Latin ubique meaning "everywhere," the source of the word "ubiquitous") is so named because it is essential to nearly every major activity in the life cycle of cells, including cell growth and division during embryo development, DNA repair, programmed cell death, immune response, and the nervous system. The ubiquitin system is the housekeeping mechanism by which the cell maintains a proper and healthy balance of proteins. Ubiquitin's role was unknown until the 1980s, when Dr. Varshavsky and colleagues elucidated it. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of the control of human cells, and ubiquitin quickly became one of the major areas of study in genetics, developmental biology, cell biology, and biochemistry. Today ubiquitin is a cornerstone of medical research into the causes and treatments of birth defects, neurodegenerative disease, infections, and cancer. Dr. Varshavsky receives the 2006 March of Dimes Prize for revealing and characterizing the biological significance of the ubiquitin system in the regulation of living cells.

• Regulation by Proteolysis:  The N-End Rule Pathway in Yeast and Mammals
  Alexander Varshavsky, Smits Professor of Cell Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

Presented by the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation

2:00pm–4:00pm
4580—Application of Translational Science to Vaccinology: Varicella-Zoster Virus and Human Papillomavirus
PAS/PIDS State of the Art Plenary
Chairs: Ann M. Arvin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; and Anna-Barbara Moscicki, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: Infectious disease specialists, primary care pediatricians, immunologists and adolescent medicine physicians.

One of the major goals of infectious diseases research is to understand the pathogenesis of disease and to use this knowledge to prevent the illness through vaccination. An understanding of varicella pathogenesis led to the development of a successful vaccine, and further insights into long-term success of the vaccine and the future of varicella immunization are emerging. A more recent success story is that of human papillomavirus, in which basic science studies of pathogenesis led to the development of vaccines based on virus-like particles. These two examples serve as models of the success of translational science in combating infectious diseases.

• New Insights into Varicella-Zoster Virus Pathogenesis
  Ann M. Arvin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

• MMRV and the Future of Immunization Against Varicella-Zoster Virus
  Anne A. Gershon, Columbia University, New York, NY

• Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus Infections
  Anna-Barbara Moscicki, University of California, San Francisco, CA

• Development of Virus-like Particles for Immunization Against Human Papillomavirus
  John T. Schiller, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

4:00pm–5:00pm
4700A—PIDS 3rd Annual Stanley A. Plotkin Lectureship in Vaccinology
PIDS Alliance Society
Chair: Joseph W. St. Geme, III, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC

The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society has established the Stanley A. Plotkin Lectureship in Vaccinology to honor Dr. Plotkin, the Society's "Founding Father." The lecture, which takes place at the annual PIDS meeting, is sponsored by Sanofi Pasteur. Dr. Plotkin was medical director at Sanofi Pasteur and remains a medical and scientific advisor. The inaugural lecture was delivered by Dr. Plotkin in 2004.

• Introduction
  Larry K. Pickering, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

• The Role of Measles Elimination in Development of a National Immunization Program
  Walter A. Orenstein, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Sanofi Pasteur

5:00pm–6:00pm
4750A—PIDS Business Meeting
PIDS Business Meeting

6:15pm
4950A—PIDS Annual Awards Dinner and Banquet
PIDS Dinner

Ticket Required - inquire through the PIDS Office at 703-299-6764

Tuesday, May 2

8:00am–10:00am
5130A—Neonatal Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries—Part I
PGPR Symposium
Co-Chairs: Alvin Zipursky, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Stephen Wall, Senior Research Manager, Saving Newborn Lives, Washington, DC

Target Audience: Researchers and clinicians interested and/or involved in all aspects of the study of neonatal infectious disease, in any setting.

The Programme for Global Paediatric Research (PGPR) includes paediatric researchers, societies, and other organizations committed to child health. It was formed in January 2004 to address the disparity between the scientific research resources available in high-income countries and the quantity of scientific research focused on the health of children in mid- and low-income countries. PGPR works at the centre of a global network to inform, educate, facilitate international research cooperation and collaboration, and acts as an advocate for research to improve the health of all children.  This three-part symposium will focus on the serious problem of neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries. Parts 1 and 3 will be comprised of expert presentations providing an overview of the problem, instances of work that is being done in the area, and region-specific information. Part 2 will feature platform presentations from selected abstracts on issues included in the study of neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries. At the PGPR workshop on Wednesday, May 3 colleagues from high-, mid- and low-income countries, who are working in fields related to neonatal infectious diseases, will meet in order to examine the critical issues and establish clear plans for collaborative study and other action. One of the expected outcomes of the workshop will be a preliminary statement of research needs and directions related to neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries.

• Neonatal Infections in the Developing World: An Overview
  Barbara J. Stoll, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

• Healthcare Associated Neonatal Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries
  Anita Zaidi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

• Diagnosis and Antibiotic Therapy of Neonatal Infections by Health Care Workers
  Abhay T. Bang, The Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH), Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India

• Global Partnerships for Infectious Disease Research: A Focus on Pediatric Studies of Dengue in Nicaragua
  Eva Harris, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA

10:15am–11:45am
5400—Campaign To Save 100K Lives: What It Means for Child Health
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Chair: Charles J. Homer, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Boston, MA

Target Audience: Hospital-based pediatricians across a wide array of specialties.

In December 2004, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement launched a campaign to save 100K lives through targeted improvements in care. Shortly after the launch, the National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality, Children’s Hospital Corporation of America and the National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institutions convened to identify whether these changes could cause comparable improvements in health care for children and promote that effort. This session will review the science behind these interventions, describe the programs and implementation efforts to advance these and future directions for such safety and quality campaigns.

• The Campaign Approach to Quality Improvement
  Connie Crowley Ganser, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA

• Bloodstream Infections
  W. Charles Huskins, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

• Rapid Response Teams
  Glenn Billman, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minneapolis, MN

• Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia and Adverse Drug Events
  Paul Kurtin, Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA

• Where Do We Go from Here? The Pediatric Campaign
  Charles J. Homer, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA

• Discussion

10:30am–12:30pm
5450A—Neonatal Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries
PAS/PGPR Platform Session

1:30pm–3:30pm
5700A—Neonatal Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries—Part II
PGPR Symposium
Chair: José Ignacio Santos Preciado, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico

Target Audience: Researchers and clinicians interested and/or involved in all aspects of the study of neonatal infectious disease, in any setting.

The Programme for Global Paediatric Research (PGPR) includes paediatric researchers, societies, and other organizations committed to child health. It was formed in January 2004 to address the disparity between the scientific research resources available in high-income countries and the quantity of scientific research focused on the health of children in mid- and low-income countries. PGPR works at the centre of a global network to inform, educate, facilitate international research cooperation and collaboration, and acts as an advocate for research to improve the health of all children.  This three-part symposium will focus on the serious problem of neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries. Parts 1 and 3 will be comprised of expert presentations providing an overview of the problem, instances of work that is being done in the area, and region-specific information. Part 2 will feature platform presentations from selected abstracts on issues included in the study of neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries. At the PGPR workshop on Wednesday, May 3 colleagues from high-, mid- and low-income countries, who are working in fields related to neonatal infectious diseases, will meet in order to examine the critical issues and establish clear plans for collaborative study and other action. One of the expected outcomes of the workshop will be a preliminary statement of research needs and directions related to neonatal infectious diseases in developing countries.

• Cutaneous Innate Immunity
  Steven B. Hoath, Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH

• Preventing Neonatal Infections Through Skin Barrier Therapy
  Gary L. Darmstadt, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

• Experiences with Neonatal Infectious Diseases in Low-Income Countries—Uganda
  Margaret Nakakeeto, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

• Experiences with Neonatal Infectious Diseases in Low-Income Countries—Caribbean Nations
  Upton Allen, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

1:45pm–3:45pm
5725—Meet the Red Book Committee: Update on New Vaccines
PAS/PIDS Hot Topic
Chairs: Sarah S. Long, Drexel University College of Medicine and St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; and Larry K. Pickering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

Target Audience: Primary care pediatricians, infectious diseases physicians and adolescent medicine physicians.

Vaccines represent the best return on investment in health care resources. Currently, this is a dynamic time for new vaccine development and licensure. Recent changes in the vaccine schedule include the development and licensure of new rotavirus vaccines, meningococcal conjugate vaccines, acellular pertussis vaccines for use in adolescents, papillomavirus vaccines and new “combination” vaccines (including mumps-measles-rubella-varicella). To update physicians in practice, the American Academy of Pediatrics will co-sponsor a symposium on new vaccines, entitled “Red Book Update: New Vaccines”. Topics to be discussed include the newly licensed products listed above, as well as new indications and uses of existing vaccines.