2006 PAS Annual Meeting

April 29–May 2 
San Francisco, California

Track/Area of Interest

At A Glance Page 
(PDF format)

(as of April 12, 2006) 

General Pediatrics and Preventive Pediatrics

Saturday, April 29

8:00am–11:00am
2105—Advocacy Training Initiative—Part I
PAS Mini Course
Room 2011, Moscone West
Chairs: Alice A. Kuo, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Philip R. Nader, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

Target Audience: Pediatric program directors and attendees interested in advocacy.

Development of advocacy training experiences is evolving, and there is a national need for opportunities to bring together residents, faculty, program directors and community partners to facilitate the development of this nascent field. After last year’s PAS meeting, the leadership of the APA Advocacy Training SIG and the AAP Community Pediatrics Training Initiative agreed to collaborate to provide a more cohesive conference experience for participants interested in advocacy training. However, before training experiences can be developed into residency curricula, the variety of advocacy skills that can be used to promote child health should be appreciated. In this part of the first-ever ATI Conference, we will focus on skill-building in child advocacy. Through a panel discussion, guest lecturers and resident presentations on child advocacy projects, participants will gain skills in various aspects of child advocacy.

• Welcome
  Alice A. Kuo, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
  Philip R. Nader, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

• Advocacy Skills Panel Discussion
  — 1–2 residents
  — 1–2 community partners
  Anda Kuo, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

• State Legislative Advocacy on Behalf of Children and Pediatricians–How to be Effective in Difficult Budget Times
  Kris Calvin, American Academy of Pediatrics, California District IX

• Resident Presentations (3 Resident Presentations TBD)

Sponsored jointly by the APA Advocacy Training SIG, the AAP Community Pediatrics Training Initiative and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–11:00am
2115—Genetics and the Pediatric Medical Educator: What We Need To Know and How Can We Teach It
PAS Mini Course
Room 2006, Moscone West
Chairs: Joseph Gigante, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN; and Marilyn C. Dumont-Driscoll, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL

Target Audience: Medical educators, general pediatricians and anyone who would like to learn more about how genetics affects primary care.

There have been rapid advances in knowledge and technology in the field of genetics. General pediatricians have become the first line of information and counseling for patients and families seeking to understand the unique role of genetics in their overall medical care. Yet genetics has played a relatively small part in the medical school curriculum, and the emerging gap in physician knowledge has created an enormous need for education in a previously underemphasized area of medical education. Genetic medicine also raises some of the most subtle medical, psychosocial, cultural and bioethical dilemmas faced by primary care pediatricians and their patients.

This mini course is designed to help participants understand and incorporate genetics in their patient encounters, as well as enhance their comfort in teaching genetics. Using a collaborative faculty presentation, basic genetic concepts, core competencies and new paradigms will be discussed. Strategies for incorporating genetics into primary care practice and teaching genetics will include case presentations; “missed opportunities,” where genetics impacts a patient and pediatrician; and interactive educational games that can be used at the participant’s own site. Resources, such as internet sites that contain current genetic information, will be distributed and discussed.

• Ethical, Legal, Social and Cultural Issues and Genetics
  Joseph Gigante, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN

• Using the Family History To Focus Anticipatory Guidelines and Screening at Health Maintenance Visits
  Marilyn C. Dumont-Driscoll, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL

• Genetic Tests for the Pediatrician: What, When, How and Why
  Daniel J. Driscoll, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL

• Hearing Loss: Resources for Genetic Information
  Teri Lee Turner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

8:00am–11:00am
2120—Management of Childhood Hypertension: Guidelines and Controversies
PAS/ASPN/IPHA Mini Course
Room 2003-2005, Moscone West
Chairs: Steven R. Daniels, University of Colorado, Denver, CO; and Ronald J. Portman, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX

Target Audience: General pediatricians, emergency medicine physicians, hospitalists, intensivists, nephrologists and cardiologists.

The 2004 NHLBI guidelines for the evaluation and management of childhood hypertension answered many questions about how to approach hypertensive children, but left others unanswered. This mini course is designed to address some of the more controversial aspects of managing hypertensive children, with the hope of stimulating further discussion about the optimal approach to these patients. Practical approaches to clinical management will be emphasized.

• Overview
  Stephen R. Daniels, The Children's Hospital/University of Colorado, Denver, CO

• Overview of Treatment Guidelines from the 4th Report
  Bonita E. Falkner, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

• Management of Pre-hypertension: Lifestyle Changes or Pharmacologic Treatment?
  Shawna D. Nesbitt, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

• Choice of Agent for Children with Primary Hypertension
  Joseph T. Flynn, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY

• Treatment of Severe Hypertension in Ambulatory and Inpatient Settings
  Joshua Samuels, University of Texas, Houston, TX

• Treatment of Hypertension in Special Populations
  Donald L. Batisky, Columbus Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, the International Pediatric Hypertension Association and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–11:00am
2130—Newborn Hearing Screening: From the Bedside to Beyond
PAS/PIDS Mini Course
Room 3010, Moscone West
Chairs: Mark R. Schleiss and Lisa Ann Schimmenti, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN

Target Audience: General pediatricians, geneticists and infectious disease specialists.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants is the most common birth defect, and early detection improves outcome. Evidence from the CDC reveals that less than one half of screened babies are followed up. One possible reason is the low positive predictive value of bedside screening. There is a critical need to augment current strategies to prevent late diagnosis of SNHL. One solution is to propose second-tier testing for the most common causes of SNHL, as the most common causes of newborn hearing loss are infectious and genetic. Of infectious causes, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common. Evidence of CMV infection can be found in 1% of newborns, with 10–15% developing hearing loss or other CNS abnormalities. Of the genetic causes, mutations in GJB2/GJB6 are the most common and are identified in up to one half of individuals with SNHL. The goal of this program will be to examine evidence for inclusion of infectious and genetic screening to augment current newborn screening protocols.

• Diagnostic Evaluation and Management of Childhood Hearing Loss
  Margaret Alene Kenna, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA

• Range of Mutations in GJB2-Associated Hearing Loss
  Lisa Ann Schimmenti, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN

• Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Hearing Loss
  Karen B. Fowler, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

• Newborn Hearing Screening: Audiologic Assessment
  Yvonne Sininger, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

• Overview
  Sheryl A. Ryan, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Sponsored jointly by the Society for Adolescent Medicine and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–11:00am
2135—Suicide in Children and Adolescents
PAS/SAM Mini Course
Room 2004, Moscone West
Chair: Sheryl A. Ryan, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Target Audience: General pediatricians, behavioral pediatricians and clinicians interested in behavioral/mental health issues in children and adolescents.

This mini course is designed to provide an update on the topic of suicide among children and adolescents, what new is known about the epidemiology and etiology of suicidal behaviors (including ideation, threats, attempts and completed suicides), the connection between depression and suicide, genetics/familial associations, screening techniques and treatment for those at risk for completed suicide. This mini course will also address the increasing phenomenon of self-injurious behaviors, such as cutting, and explore how this is related/not related to suicidal behaviors and depression. Brief mention will be made about complexity of treatment for depression using pharmacologic agents that may increase the risk of suicide.

• Epidemiology and Assessment of Suicidal Behaviors and Depression
  Donald E. Greydanus, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI

• Cutting and Other Self-Injurious Behaviors
  Sheryl A. Ryan, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

• Questions and Break

• Management and Prevention of Suicide, Depression and Self-Injurious Behaviors
  Joseph L. Calles, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, MI

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Society for Adolescent Medicine and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–11:00am
2154—Effective Management of Chronic Disease in Schools
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall B1, SF Marriott
Leader: Linda Grant, Boston, MA; Co-leaders: Barbara Frankowski, Rani Gereige

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

The goals of this workshop are to provide clinicians with the skills to more effectively manage their patients with chronic disease within the school setting. These skills include: (1) more effective communication between the family, the office and the school, (2) understanding the complexity of HIPAA and FERPA, (3) developing clinical management strategies that support rather than burden school systems and (4) applying these concepts to residency advocacy programs.

The workshop will utilize case histories and will rotate participants through three modules reflecting the skill areas. Each module will be facilitated by physician school consultants who are responsible for policy in their districts and who also have residency training responsibilities.

Objectives:

– Understand the differences between HIPAA and FERPA as regards confidentiality and sharing information between primary care and schools.
– Develop guidelines for appropriate and effective school-linked case management of diabetes, asthma and other chronic illnesses.
– Develop communication strategies connecting home, school and office.
– Understand role of schools in advocacy in training programs.

Format: Workshop will be divided into three modules and participants will rotate through all three. The three modules are: Legal and communication issues (FERPA/HIPAA), Clinical Management and Advocacy in Training Programs. The modules will be chaired by three school physician consultants (and include a pediatric residency director who has incorporated these objectives into the residency).

8:00am–11:00am
2155—Gender-Variant Youth: The Role of the Pediatrician
PAS Educational Workshop
Room Laurel, SF Marriott
Leader: Irene Sills, Albany, NY; Co-leader: Arlene Lev

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

This workshop is an overview of sexual and gender identity development in children and youth focusing on understanding the needs of transgender and transsexual youth. By review of case presentations, attendees will gain skills and knowledge in how to assist parents of children with gender variant behavior, children with gender identity confusion, and adolescents who exhibit cross-gender behaviors. Ethical considerations in the care of this population will be presented and discussed. Current standards for hormonal therapy will be reviewed.

Objectives:

– The participant will demonstrate an understanding of the developmental appropriateness of youth with gender variant behavior.
– The participant will prepare to assist children and adolescents with gender variant behavior and their families.
– The participant will demonstrate an understanding of the ethical issues in the medical care of transgendered adolescents.

Format: a) Short didactic presentation; b) discussions of scenarios that might present to the pediatrician; c) viewing of a short videotape; and d) roundtable discussion of ethical issues.

8:00am–11:00am
2157—I Can Do That! Preparing Residents To Perform Minor Procedures
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 12, SF Marriott
Leader: Steve Selbst, Wilmington, DE; Co-leader: Joel Fein

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

Minor procedures are important in pediatric residency and office practice. Training and performing certain procedures varies between residency programs. With limited exposure, peds residents and practitioners may avoid procedures or call consultants when uncomfortable. The goal of this hands-on workshop is to teach techniques and instructional methods for minor office procedures. Workshop leaders will demonstrate skills and allow practice of: 1) Wound repair- use glue, fast absorbing sutures, staples 2) Remove foreign bodies from ears, nose, eyes; reimplant avulsed teeth 3) Troubleshoot G- tube and trach-tube complications 4) Extricate embedded fishhooks, subungual hematomas, hair tourniquets 5) Master intraosseous infusion, new needleless systems and IV safety devices 6) Manage paraphimosis, zipper entrapment, rectal prolapse. Participants will become adept at several procedures and be able to teach them to others.

Objectives:

– Participants should improve their own technical skills during the workshop.
– Participants will become aware of teaching modalities and be able to conduct similar teaching sessions at their own institutions.

Format: Lecture, demonstration, hands-on practicing, and question-and-answer period.

8:00am–11:00am
2158—The National Survey of Children's Health: Resources and Tips for Using New National and State Data on Child and Adolescent Health
PAS Educational Workshop
Room Pacific Suite J, SF Marriott
Leader: Christina Bethell, Portland, OR; Co-leaders: Stephen Blumberg, Debra Read

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is the largest, nationally representative survey conducted with families to assess the health, well-being and health care of children and youth (n = 102,000). Publicly released in 2005, NSCH provides a wide range of national and state-level data on the health of children, youth and families. Participants will: 1) identify research topics that can be addressed using the NSCH; 2) Obtain hands-on experience using the Data Resource Center—a new resource to easily obtain and download findings from the NSCH; 3) gt ideas on using findings to stimulate efforts to improve care for children, inform research and grant development and advance evidence-based policy, program development, and advocacy.

Objectives:

– Identify the range of research topics that can be addressed using these data.
– Obtain hands-on experience using the Data Resource Center on Child and Adolescent Health (DRC)—a new resource for pediatric clinicians, researchers, and families to easily obtain and download findings from the NSCH (www.childhealthdata.org).

– Get ideas on presenting findings to enhance state and local efforts to improve the health and health care of children, youth, and families.

Format: Presentations, question and answer, hands-on practice using an online data resource center, case examples, real time technical assistance and problem solving.

8:00am–11:00am
2159—Pediatric Medical-legal Documentation: The Pen Is Mightier Than the Word
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall B3, SF Marriott
Leader: Allison Jackson, Washington, DC; Co-leader: Elizabeth Jacobs

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, and community practitioners.

This workshop is planned with the goal of developing physicians in the knowledge of, skills and attitudes for the medical evaluation, assessment and documentation of patients who are alleged victims of child abuse using an interactive case-based approach. Course content will address the program purpose and learning objectives and will include: 1) elements of the history and physical that may raise suspicion for child abuse; 2) the role of physicians in the evaluation, management, and documentation for alleged child abuse victims; 3) how the content and quality of the medical documentation can benefit or impede the civil and criminal outcomes.

Objectives:

– List elements of the history that aid in making a diagnosis of child maltreatment.
– Describe physical findings consistent with or suspicious for child maltreatment.
– Apply forensic terminology for documentation purposes.
– Understand the pediatrician's role as a medical advocate.

Format: This workshop will be held in a small group setting in a classroom. This program will begin with a welcome and introduction by the workshop leaders. Following the introduction three completed medicolegal documentation forms will be distributed to the participants. Each case will either be one of physical abuse, sexual abuse or neglect. The participants will break into three groups based on the case they have received. Each group will review the medicolegal form and prepare a mock trial for which the characters will be an expert witness, a prosecutor, and a defense attorney. Thirty minutes will then be devoted to each case to include the role-play and discussion. After the role-play, each group will be given the full case to review and complete and medicolegal documentation form which will be submitted to and analyzed by the facilitators. A summary of the results will be shared with the participants after the workshop.

8:00am–11:00am
2162—Transition to Adulthood: The Role of Pediatricians
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 15, SF Marriott
Leader: Eric Levey, Baltimore, MD; Co-leaders: Patti Hackett, Suzanne McLaughlin, Robert Blum

Target Audience: Fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, community practitioners.

This workshop will provide an overview of health care transition concepts and tools for primary care providers and specialists. The goal of transition in health care for all youth with/without special health care needs is to maximize lifelong functioning and potential through the provision of high-quality, developmentally appropriate health care services that continue uninterrupted as one moves from childhood to adulthood, and from pediatric to adult-oriented health care. We see an important role for pediatricians in fostering health care decision-making, self-determination and advocacy, as well as promoting health and preventing secondary conditions and disability. Participants will be divided into small, facilitated groups to assess their current transition practices and strategize regarding improvement within their own institutions and communities.

Objectives:

– Discuss and evaluate the role of the Medical Home and Specialists in preparing youth and families for adulthood.
– Review and develop strategies and tools, useful to their individual practice setting, to assist youth and family with transition to adulthood including skill building in the areas of health care decision-making, self-determination and advocacy.
– Explore the importance of collaboration between pediatric and adult-oriented health care providers, both in medical education and clinical practice.
– Strategize about the next steps for putting national policy into practice at the community level.

Format: Presentations by pediatrician for children with disabilities, med/peds physician, and parent advocate followed by question-and-answer session. Facilitated group discussions and role-play followed by reports back to the large group.

8:00am–12:00pm
2180A—LWPES Plenary Session I
LWPES Plenary Session
Room 3007-3009, Moscone West
Chairs: Lynne Levitsky, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Henry Anhalt, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ; and Alan D. Rogol, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, nephrologists, cardiologists, general pediatricians, immunologists, geneticists and molecular biologists.

• Opening Remarks
  Lynne L. Levitsky, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

• Lawson Wilkins Lecture:
  Recent years have witnessed a significant revision of the traditional view of fat cells as simple stores of excess energy. Studies in the speaker's lab as well as many others have clearly demonstrated that adipocytes produce and regulate many metabolic and hormonal signals, which generate profound effects on systemic endocrine equilibrium. In his earlier studies, he also demonstrated that these cells exhibit an inflammatory capacity that is abnormal in obesity and key to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. Recently, he identified a key molecular mechanism underlying the link between inflammatory responses and insulin action. This pathway involves obesity-related activation of the serine, threonine kinase, JNK, and the consequent inhibition of insulin receptor signaling via phosphorylation of a substrate of insulin receptor, IRS-1.

  • Integration of Metabolic and Inflammatory Pathways in Metabolic Disease
    Gokhan S. Hotamisligil, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

• Robert Blizzard Lecture:
  One of the greatest questions asked of physicians caring for children with autoimmune diabetes is "why did this happen?" This session will unravel some of the mysteries surrounding the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes from an investigator who has dedicated his life to this issue.

  • On the Unravelling of the Etiopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Are We Stuck or Are We Winning?
    Gian Franco Bottazzo, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesú, Scientific Institute, Rome, Italy

• Break

• Esoterix Lecture:
  The attendee will familiarize him/herself with newer molecular mechanisms of growth failure that are due to abnormalities in receptor and post-receptor translation of GH signaling.

  • Molecular Mechanisms and Defects in Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling
    Peter Rotwein, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR

9:00am–11:00am
2195—Historical Perspectives
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 2008, Moscone West
Chairs: Thor Willy Hansen and John V. Hartline

10:30am–12:30pm
2325—General Pediatrics I
PAS Platform Session
Room 2009, Moscone West
Chairs: Howard Bauchner and Cynthia Christy

11:45am–2:45pm
2404—Early Identification of Mental Health and Developmental Problems in Foster Care Youth: Tools and Innovative Treatment Strategies
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall B1, SF Marriott
Leader: David Harmon, Jacksonville, FL; Co-leaders: Steven Blatt, Moira Szilagyi

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

This interactive workshop will present an overview of the early identification of children in foster care with mental health problems and developmental delays. This will be done through a round table discussion among an expert panel as well as question-and-answer session. Tools will be presented for this purpose and new innovative treatment options will be discussed as well. It will include case presentations with small group discussions. This workshop is geared toward all learner/audience levels and will be an ideal time to network with those who are taking care of children in foster care.

Objectives:

– Tools to identify mental health problems
– Tools to identify developmental delays
– Innovative treatment of developmental and behavioral problems using mentoring
– Innovative treatment of developmental and behavioral problems using foster parents

Format: We will assemble of panel of experts on foster care to have a roundtable discussion, demonstrate tools, and hold a question-and-answer session. It will be presented in a very interactive format ideal for networking these problems.

11:45am–2:45pm
2406—Enhancing Efficiency and Productivity in the Patient Care Environment with the Use of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall C2, SF Marriott
Leader: Srinivasan Suresh, Detroit, MI; Co-leaders: Anne Mortensen, Kate Sheppard

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, and senior faculty.

A potentially compelling environment for the use of Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) exists in most hospitals. This workshop will demonstrate effectively using the Pocket PC PDA in facilitating resident education, bedside clinical teaching, and patient care, sign-out and communication in the aftermath of the 80-hour week, and improving the cost effectiveness of wireless networks in the patient care setting.

A hands-on workshop component will demonstrate how these handheld computers are a valuable tool for physicians by allowing them to have immediate access to relevant clinical information such as drug interactions, calculating important parameters, or expanding the differential diagnosis, providing a readily accessible and permanent means of recording and tracking patient procedures, enabling fluid transfer of vital patient information to other health care providers, and managing and accessing patient data.

Objectives:

– Familiarity with common medical applications using Pocket PCs
– Ability to integrate effective usage of PDAs in clinical decision-making
– Understand the importance of creating and/or sustaining a robust wireless network in a patient care facility
– Keep abreast of the technological advances in medical education and patient care in the 21st century

Format: (1) Hands-on, real-time demonstration of applications using Pocket PCs, (2) interactive discussion and (3) problem solving with examples.

11:45am–2:45pm
2416—Publishing Research in Pediatric Education: The Devil Is in the Methods
PAS Educational Workshop
Room Pacific Suite J, SF Marriott
Leader: James Perrin, Boston, MA; Co-leaders: John Co and Benjamin Siegel

Target Audience: Junior, mid-level and senior faculty.

Increasing numbers of pediatric faculty have taken on studies of pediatric education, and new and promising techniques can help pediatric educators in these investigations. Many academic centers have a wealth of researchers who can collaborate with pediatric educators in their efforts. This workshop provides guidance in choosing a research question, determining how to study it using both qualitative and quantitative methods, and writing up the study for publication. Based on the experience of Ambulatory Pediatrics, the leaders will share reasons for success and failure in publishing research in pediatric education. Participants will work on their own research questions as well as studies that the journal has evaluated.

Objectives:

– To describe ways of defining interesting questions in research in pediatric education
– To clarify strategies for the presentation of research methods and findings for journal publication
– To compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research in pediatric education

Format: Case examples of research papers sent to Ambulatory Pediatrics for review; characterization of reasons for rejecting papers; brief, didactic presentations on qualitative and quantitative methods and on guides to publication and research problems for participants to work on in small groups.

Designed to meet elements of the core curriculum for pediatric fellowship subspecialty training.

11:45am–2:45pm
2420—Running an Academic Practice Wearing a Private Practice Hat
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall A3, SF Marriott
Leader: Elaine Schulte, Albany, NY; Co-leaders: Linda Domovich, Maryellen Gusic

Target Audience: Mid-level faculty and senior faculty.

Unfortunately, most academic providers have little or no training in the business of medicine, nor do their institutions offer professional development in this realm.

During this workshop we will put on our private practice hats, and study two models of successful, combined resident and faculty pediatric practices. Through case-based, large group discussion, participants will learn how to: 1) understand productivity standards and financial reports, 2) teach billing and compliance to learners, 3) manage staffing needs; determine the appropriate provider-to-nurse ratio, optimize room utilization, maintain morale, address reporting structure, 4) provide continuity of care in an academic practice, including managing schedules of 30+ providers, and 5) successfully market their practice. Workshop leaders will share information as well as tools participants can use in their home institutions.

Objectives:

– Participants will better understand the business aspect of operating an outpatient general academic pediatric office.
– Participants will develop skills to address many challenges in office practice.

Format: Large and small group discussions, case-based problem solving.

11:45am–2:45pm
2422—Sex Ed: Learning To Teach Sexual Education Across the Pediatric Age Spectrum
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall C3, SF Marriott
Leader: Michelle Barratt, Houston, TX; Co-leaders: Andrea Bortot

Target Audience: Fellows, junior faculty, and mid-level faculty

The workshop goal is to provide resources for training residents and students in a stepwise manner regarding sexuality and sex education for adolescents and all age groups. Anticipatory Guidance regarding sex must provide for the needs of a new mom (anatomic nomenclature, etc.) through parent of an elementary aged child (upcoming bodily changes, etc.) through parent and their adolescent (direct conversation about healthy choices, etc.). Examples of training by standardized patients, viewing video clips, role modeling, and web-based resources will be presented.

Objectives:

– Participants will have two new techniques to use when training students and residents on age appropriate sexual education.
– Participants will have age specific sexual education anticipatory guidance knowledge.
– Participants will increase their personal comfort discussing sexual topics with parents and patients.
– Participants will be familiar with the use of brief motivational interviewing with adolescents.

Format: The workshop will include group discussion, videotape critiquing and small group exercises.

11:45am–2:45pm
2424—Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall A1, SF Marriott
Leader: J. Darrell Nesmith, Little Rock, AR; Co-leaders: Alba Morales, Mohammad Ilyas, Lisa Lubsch

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

The rise in pediatric obesity and metabolic syndrome is well established. Less understood for the pediatrician is the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. In this workshop, we aim to: 1) briefly discuss the epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, 2) discuss non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of the metabolic syndrome, and 3) review a stepped approach in treating adolescents with the metabolic syndrome.

This workshop will be largely case-based. Come prepared to devise treatment plans in a small group setting. Participants are invited to bring their own cases for discussion.

Participants will:

– Learn the epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
– Become familiar with existing treatment guidelines for components of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
– Identify gaps in the literature regarding treatment guidelines of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
– Consider pharmacologic treatment options of metabolic syndrome treatment based on the available evidence.

Format: A short didactic presentation will be given on diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia treatments from a diabetologist, nephrologist, and endocrinologist respectively. Existing published guidelines will be presented while gaps in the literature regarding treatment will be discussed. Following these short didactic presentations, small groups (at tables) will work on cases which will be presented, and a treatment plan will be derived by each group. At the end of these roundtable work group discussions, the group as a whole will discuss the treatment plans. Actual cases will be used when possible (with appropriate de-identifiers) and their treatment plans discussed.

12:00pm–3:00pm
2500—Advocacy Training Initiative—Part II
PAS Mini Course
Room 2011, Moscone West
Chairs: Alice A. Kuo, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Philip R. Nader, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

Target Audience: Pediatric program directors and attendees interested in advocacy.

Building upon the Child Advocacy Skills in Part I of the ATI Conference, Part II will now focus on how to incorporate these skills into meaningful residency curricular experiences. Pediatric residents are increasingly committed to promoting child health in arenas other than the pediatric exam room. Programs are being called upon to provide structured curricular experiences for residents in child advocacy, and these experiences may build upon existing curricula in community pediatrics or be completely separate. New avenues for partnerships between pediatric residency programs and community agencies can occur as a result of child advocacy rotations or projects. This part of the conference will give participants new ideas for child advocacy training experiences, address the how-tos on a shoestring budget, and present ideas for evaluating your community/advocacy curriculum.

Please join us for the Advocacy Training SIG from 3:15-5:15pm immediately following the Advocacy Training Initiative.

• Welcome
  Alice A. Kuo, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
  Philip R. Nader, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

• Different Forms of Advocacy Training Curricular Experiences
  David M. Keller, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA

• Implementing a Required Child Advocacy Rotation with No Budget
  Sanjeev Kumar Sriram, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

• Evaluating Community/Advocacy Educational Experiences
  Jeffrey M. Kaczorowski, University of Rochester, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY

• Resident Poster Session

Sponsored jointly by the APA Advocacy Training SIG, the AAP Community Pediatrics Training Initiative and the Pediatric Academic Societies

12:00pm–3:00pm
2515—New Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma
PAS Mini Course
Room 3012, Moscone West
Chair: Ellen F. Crain, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY

Target Audience: General pediatricians, pulmonary medicine, genetics and allergists.

This mini course will highlight new advances and developments in our understanding of pediatric asthma and its treatment. Leading investigators will present new information on the pharmacogenomics of asthma, the roles of early environmental factors in the development of asthma, advances in drug therapy, understanding of mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of asthma and insights into the application of these advances to the care of children with asthma.

• Role of Pharmacogenomics in Asthma Management
  Michael Ephraim Wechsler, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA

• Early Environmental Factors in the Development of Asthma
  Fernando D. Martinez, Arizona Respiratory Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

• Advances in Drug Treatment of Asthma
  Stanley J. Szefler, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO

• Pathophysiology of Childhood Asthma: Search for Mechanisms
  Giuseppe N. Colasurdo, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX

• Epidemiology and Outcomes in Asthma
  Peter J. Gergen, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD

12:00pm–3:00pm
2520—Pediatric Assessment of Sexual Abuse: State of the Science 2006
PAS Mini Course
Room 3011, Moscone West
Chair: Vince Palusci, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI

This three-hour mini course will address the medical evaluation of child sexual abuse in the pediatric setting. The topics that will be addressed are:

– Physical sequelae of sexual abuse: What’s new and how has the literature of the past 10 years shaped this field. 
– Medical conditions that mimic sexual abuse: What a clinician must know about anogenital medical conditions and congenital findings. 
– Sexually transmitted diseases in children: Beyond cultures, DNA amplification techniques in children and the newest recommendations for HIV post assault prophylaxis will be presented.

• Overview
  Vincent J. Palusci, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI

• Interpretation of Medical Findings in Suspected Child Sexual Abuse: Update 2006
  Joyce Adams, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA

• Mimics of Sexual Abuse
  Lori Frasier, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City UT

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Children: Beyond Cultures, DNA Amplification Technology
  Nancy Denny Kellogg, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX

1:00pm–3:00pm
2600—Update on Treatment Options for Acute Otitis Media
PAS/PIDS Hot Topic
Room 2009, Moscone West
Chairs: Tasnee Chonmaitree, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; and Jerome O. Klein, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Pediatricians, pediatric infectious disease specialists and anyone treating otitis media in children.

Otitis media is the most common disease seen in pediatric practice and the main reason for antibiotic prescriptions for children. The practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) provided an option for management of non-severe acute otitis media (AOM) with observation rather than antibiotic treatment. While these guidelines start to affect practice management of AOM, many issues on treatment are still unresolved.

The symposium will address important issues regarding the updated treatment of AOM: 1) analyze the guideline recommendations and antibiotic choices; 2) present results on watchful waiting studies that came out after the guidelines and how to select non-severe AOM cases; 3) answer the questions on whether symptomatic drugs and adjunctive treatment should be used in place of antibiotics; 4) discuss whether withholding antibiotics affects recurrence of the disease.

• AOM Treatment: Making Sense of the AAP/AAFP Guidelines
  Jerome O. Klein, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

• Watchful Waiting in Non-severe AOM: How To Select Cases, and Does It Work in Young Children?
  David P. McCormick, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX

• Antihistamine and Corticosteroids: Do They Have Any Role in AOM Treatment?
  Tasnee Chonmaitree, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX

• Recurrent AOM—Is It Influenced by Antibiotics?
  Ron Dagan, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:30pm–3:30pm
2670A—Controversies in Care in Pediatric Endocrinology—The Great Debates
LWPES Workshop
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chairs: William Clarke, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and Henry Anhalt, St. Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, general pediatricians and adolescent medicine specialists.

The attendee will be part of a lively debate on a number of areas of controversy in pediatric state-of-the-art diabetes management.

• Is Primary Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Possible?

  • Pro—Desmond A. Schatz, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

  • Con—Dorothy J. Becker, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

• Should Glucose Sensors Be Routinely Used?

  • Pro—Stuart Alan Weinzimer, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

  • Con—Darrell M. Wilson, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA

• Should Metformin Be Used To Treat Pediatric Patients with Insulin Resistance?

  • Pro—Michael S. Freemark, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

  • Con—Philip Scott Zeitler, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO

2:15pm–5:15pm
2700—Educating Pediatric Fellows in a Competency-Based World
PAS/APPD Mini Course
Room 2007, Moscone West
Chairs: Susan Guralnick, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY; and Joseph Gilhooly, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR

Target Audience: Attendees involved with fellowship programs.

Competency-based education is now the standard for residency education. Residency programs have integrated the ACGME Core Competencies into their curricula and assessment methods. It is now time for fellowships to enter the “competency” arena, and there is much to be accomplished. This program will focus on several areas of fellowship education including: the new RRC common requirements for subspecialty training, development of a competency-based fellowship curriculum, competency-based assessment tools, and pediatric subspecialty fellows as teachers. Attendees are encouraged to bring tools and ideas for discussion and development. Attendees should leave with useful materials to bring back to their home programs.

• Overview
  Susan Guralnick, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY
  Joseph Gilhooly, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

• A Brave New World! New Common Requirements for Subspecialty Training—Implementing the Competencies
  Carol Carraccio, Professor of Pediatrics and Associate Chair for Education, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

• "Survivor ACGME"—Fellowship Competencies in Action
  Joseph Gilhooly, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

• John D. Mahan, Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

• Turning to Fellows as Teachers: From Curricula to Evaluation
  Nancy D. Spector, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
  Susan Guralnick, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY

Sponsored jointly by the Association of Pediatric Program Directors and the Pediatric Academic Societies

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Dey, L.P.

2:15pm–5:15pm
2705—Vitamin D: More Than Just Calcium and Bone
PAS/LWPES Mini Course
Room 3007-3009, Moscone West
Chairs: Catherine M. Gordon, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA; and Linda A. DiMeglio, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN

Target Audience: General pediatricians, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists and hematologists/oncologists.

The understanding of the role of vitamin D in health and illness is becoming more complex. Both skeletal and extra-skeletal actions have been described, and vitamin D analogs are being explored for their anti-proliferative effects. The attendee will gain both clinically relevant epidemiological knowledge as well as review the calcemic and non-calcemic actions of Vitamin D.

• What Is the Evidence for Vitamin D Deficiency in Children?
  Frank R. Greer, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

• Vitamin D and Extra-Skeletal Actions in Health
  Michael F. Holick, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

• Non-calcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands
  Sunil Nagpal, Women's Health & Musculoskeletal Biology, Collegeville PA

Sponsored jointly by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

3:15pm–5:15pm
2725—Integrating Genetic Susceptibility and Environmental Influences in Pediatric Research
PAS Topic Symposium
Room 2008, Moscone West
Chair: Bruce P. Lanphear, Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Target Audience: A broad pediatric audience with the goal of promoting interdisciplinary understanding and greater integration of genetic and environmental research.

Asthma, preterm birth, ADHD and other prevalent pediatric conditions are widely recognized to result from interactions of environmental influences and genetic susceptibility. Tremendous progress has been made in measuring both environmental and genetic risk factors. Increasingly, researchers are moving beyond ecological methods (e.g., questionnaires, air monitoring) to directly measure in humans hundreds of environmental chemicals, from nicotine to metals to DDT and phthalates. Similarly, unprecedented innovation has led rapidly to high-throughput methods that assess DNA variation across large cohorts. New interdisciplinary collaborations that integrate state of the art approaches to both environmental and genetic influences should greatly improve our ability to predict and prevent disease and disability. Such studies will be critical for understanding mechanistic pathways, defining susceptible subpopulations and developing effective interventions. This session will provide an overview of gene–environment research, describe recent advances in biomarkers of environmental exposure and review new methods for measuring genetic variability.

• Gene–Environment Interaction in Common Pediatric Conditions: Conceptual Overview and Recent Evidence
  Robert S. Kahn, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH

• Advances in Biomarkers of Environmental Exposure in Pediatric Research
  Bruce P. Lanphear, Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

• Measuring Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment: Study Designs and Genotyping Methods
  Robert O. Wright, Harvard Children's Environmental Health Center, Boston Children's Hospital and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

3:15pm–5:15pm
2730—Mechanisms of Hypertension in the Molecular Era
PAS/ASPN/IPHA/LWPES Topic Symposium
Room 2003-2005, Moscone West
Chairs: Bruce Z. Morgenstern, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; and Julie R. Ingelfinger, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Target Audience: General pediatricians, nephrologists, endocrinologists and neonatologists.

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension has been changing rapidly due to advances in molecular genetics, most notably the identification of several single-gene defects that cause hypertension. This session will update participants on the latest advances in our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of a variety of forms of hypertension.

• Role of Dopamine Receptors
  Pedro A. Jose, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC

• Perinatal Programming and the Development of Hypertension
  Lori Woods, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

• Low Renin Hypertension in Childhood
  Maria I. New, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

• WNK Kinases and Blood Pressure Regulation
  Richard Lifton, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Sponsored jointly by the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, the International Pediatric Hypertension Association, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

3:15pm–5:15pm
2735—Update on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
PAS Topic Symposium
Room 3014, Moscone West
Chair: E. Richard Stiehm, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA

Target Audience: Immunologists, rheumatologists, hematologists, oncologists and general pediatricians.

The first talk will be an overview of the various therapeutic monoclonals and some general principles of their use. Then a discussion of Rituximab in refractory immune cytopenias and other disorders will be presented. Then the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment including infliximab and adalimumab (Ramicade and Humira) for rheumatic diseases in children. The final talk will discuss the adverse effects of these therapies and some projections for the future. Discussion will be held after each presentation.

• Overview
  E. Richard Stiehm, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA

• Use of Anti-CD20 (Rituximab) in Hematology and Autoimmunity
  James B. Bussel, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY

• Use of Anti-TNF and Other Cytokine Inhibitors in Rheumatology and Related Illnesses
  Christy Irene Sandborg, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA

• The Downside and Future of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
  Susan Lee, University of California, San Diego, CA

3:15pm–5:15pm
2745—Asthma: Improving Care and Outcomes
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 3012, Moscone West
Chairs: Craig M. Schramm and Stanley J. Szefler

3:15pm–5:15pm
2757—Nutrition and Behavior
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 3024, Moscone West
Chairs: Conrad R. Cole and Timothy A. Sentongo

3:15pm–5:15pm
2760—Designing a Longitudinal Curriculum in Evidence-Based Medicine for Large Residency Programs
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall C3, SF Marriott
Leader: Srinivasan Suresh, Detroit, MI; Co-leaders: Anne Mortensen, Misa Mi, Munirah Curtis, Renato Roxas, Joshua Evans, Kate Sheppard, Lakshmi Srinivasan, Deepak Kamat

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a complementary approach to clinical practice that applies the principles of clinical epidemiology to the traditional skills of patient care. A longitudinal curriculum is vital in inculcating this concept in medical students, residents and fellows.

This workshop will enable participants to effectively design an EBM curriculum to trainees. The workshop leaders currently perform this activity in a large residency program of about 100 residents. The logistics of ensuring that all residents are exposed to the spectrum of EBM, given their other responsibilities, will be explained. Means of incorporating continual feedback in the curriculum to achieve best clinical practices will also be demonstrated.

Objectives:

– Ability to develop formal clinical questions based on patient encounters
– Ability to develop skills in finding evidence based medical literature
– Ability to explain the EBM process to peers and trainees
– Acquire the operational skills necessary to institute/improve an EBM curriculum

Format: (1) Interactive Discussion, (2) hands-on, real-time demonstration of literature search strategies using Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), and (3) problem solving, applying common clinical vignettes.

3:15pm–5:15pm
2764—Pediatric Overweight: Bringing It Home
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall A2, SF Marriott
Leader: Joan Griffith, Lexington, KY; Co-leaders: Starr Gantz and Aaron Beighle

Target Audience: Junior, mid-level and senior faculty and community practitioners.

Increased awareness of the danger of physical inactivity and overweight has not appeared to reverse the pediatric overweight epidemic. This workshop will provide an overview of pediatric overweight, discuss the demographics and third-party reimbursement rates of a central Kentucky university-based initiative, utilize data from a research study to initiate a roundtable discussion on an approach to pediatric overweight, identify simple ways to implement the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for managing overweight children and demonstrate ways to motivate children/parents to become more physically active.

Objectives:

– Develop a positive approach toward managing pediatric overweight.
– Discuss the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for overweight children.
– Demonstrate methods for increasing participation in physical activity.

Format: 1, Review data from the first year of a university-based pediatric weight management clinic and research study; 2, case presentations; 3, demonstration of motivational approach for increasing physical activity in children/parent; 4, roundtable discussion; and 5, question-and-answer session.

3:15pm–5:15pm
2776—Transition Issues for Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 13, SF Marriott
Leader: Thomas Webb, Cincinnati, OH; Co-leader: Nienke Dosa

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, community practitioners.

Up to 85% of children born with developmental disabilities are surviving to adult age. As these individuals reach adulthood they are simultaneously leaving school, exploring community living and needing adult-oriented health care. As compared to other adolescents with special health care needs, those with developmental disabilities have more significant cognitive and physical difficulties that affect the transition process. This workshop will use case-based learning to review the principles of adolescent transition, describe barriers to transition more prevalent in developmental disabilities, and highlight web-based, community service, financial, and vocational-educational resources available to assist patients, families, and providers with the transition process.

Objectives:

– Understand the principles of adolescent transition to adult services.
– Recognize the additional physical and cognitive difficulties facing adolescents with developmental disabilities.
– Assist adolescents in developing self-care and independent living skills.
– Describe the role of community service providers, schools, and vocational rehabilitation specialists in adolescent transition.

Format: Case presentations, question and answer, problem solving, and didactic—for introduction.

3:45pm–5:15pm
2785A—Celiac Disease for the Non-gastroenterologist
LWPES Workshop
Room 3010, Moscone West
Chair: Michelle M. Pietzak, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

Target Audience: Gastroenterologists and endocrinologists.

Celiac disease affects approximately 10-15% of children with diabetes. Often times the screening tests are vexing. This workshop is aimed at clarifying the disease process and how to diagnose it.

• Celiac Disease for the Non-gastroenterologist
  Michelle M. Pietzak, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

3:45pm–5:15pm
2790A—Hyperthyroidism
LWPES Workshop
Room 3000, Moscone West
Chair: Scott A. Rivkees, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Target Audience: Generalists.

Much controversy exists about the most effective and safest treatments for hyperthyroidism in children. This workshop will clarify some of the newer evidence based approaches to the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism, with a special emphasis on radioactive ablation.

• Hyperthyroidism
  Scott A. Rivkees, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

3:45pm–5:15pm
2795A—Neonatal Diabetes
LWPES Workshop
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chair: Mark A. Sperling, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

Target Audience: Endocrinologists and neonatologists.

Over the past few years much has been learned about the pathogenesis of neonatal diabetes. This workshop will impart knowledge on important considerations in the diagnosis and work-up of this rare condition.

4:00pm–7:30pm
Commercial Exhibits Open and Posters Available for Viewing
PAS Exhibits
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 4:00pm–7:30pm
Author Attendance: 5:15pm–7:15pm

Level 1:
– Developmental Biology
– Endocrinology
– Hematology–Oncology
– Neonatal Infectious Diseases
– Neonatology
– Nephrology

Level 2:
– Cardiology
– Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
– General Pediatrics
– Medical Education
– Neurology

5:15pm–6:00pm
2800—Clinical Pediatric Hypertension
PAS/ASPN/IPHA Poster Symposium
Room 2004, Moscone West
Chairs: Stephen R. Daniels and Deborah P. Jones

5:15pm–7:15pm
Poster Session I and PAS Opening Reception
PAS Poster Session
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 4:00pm–7:30pm
Author Attendance: 5:15pm–7:15pm

Level 1:
– Developmental Biology
– Endocrinology
– Hematology–Oncology
– Neonatal Infectious Diseases
– Neonatology
– Nephrology

Level 2:
– Cardiology
– Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
– General Pediatrics
– Medical Education
– Neurology

Includes:

• SPR Student Research Award: Resuscitation of Non-Viable Infants: Will Neonatologists[apos] Practice Change After the Born-Alive Infant Protection Act?
  Mya Sendowski, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Sunday, April 30

6:00am–8:00am
Insights into ADHD's Associated Comorbidities and Treatment Modalities
PAS Industry Sponsored Symposium
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 7, SF Marriott

Target Audience: General pediatricians.

Studies suggest up to 80% of children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD will continue to have the disorder into adolescence, with 60% having symptoms into adulthood.

Among children with ADHD, comorbid psychiatric disorders are predictive of the persistence of ADHD into adolescence and adulthood, and a more complicated course of illness with poorer outcomes.

Options for effective management of ADHD from childhood through adulthood are emerging as more clinical studies focus on this common disorder. Studies in adults show that medications with anti-ADHD activity in childhood and adolescent ADHD work equally well in adult ADHD, providing further evidence for the syndromatic continuity between the juvenile and adult diagnosis. This engaging, leading-edge session is designed to fill the knowledge gaps that exist in the areas of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, with a particular focus on managing the common psychiatric conditions that are often comorbid with ADHD.

For registration information please contact: 
Marcie Farmer
Phone: (800) 600-5636.
Email: mfarmer@partnersmeded.com

Supported by a grant from Eli Lilly & Company

7:00am–8:00am
3030—Career Specifics in Academic General Pediatrics
PAS Meet the Professor
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 5, SF Marriott

This session is designed to provide trainees and junior faculty with a perspective on career pathways in academic general pediatrics, a broad field with an often-confusing array of possibilities. Specific attention will be given to: (1) training options, especially the selection of fellowships and the spectrum of research training; (2) career trajectories and mentorship; and (3) leadership development. The integration of an academic focus with other professional activities in an academic setting will be discussed. Additional topics will include creating an academic niche and the importance of life balance.

8:00am–10:00am
3100—Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease
PAS/PIDS Topic Symposium
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chairs: Marian Melish, University of Hawaii, Kapiolani Children's Hospital, Honolulu, HI; and Stanford T. Shulman, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

Target Audience: Infectious disease specialists, cardiologists, rheumatologists, immunologists and primary care pediatricians.

Cloning the IgA antibody response in acute Kawasaki Disease has led to exciting new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of this enigmatic illness. The diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki Disease remains a significant clinical problem, and new guidelines have been published to help the clinician in making this diagnosis. Approximately 10–15% of children with acute Kawasaki Disease do not respond to conventional intravenous gammaglobulin and aspirin therapy, and new data regarding treatment with steroids and Remicade are emerging. Knowledge regarding optimal management of cardiac complications and long-term outcome continues to evolve as patients diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease in the 1970s and 1980s age.

• Overview
  Marian E. Melish, University of Hawaii, Kapiolani Children's Hospital, Honolulu, HI

• IgA Response in Acute Kawasaki Disease Targets Inclusion Bodies in Acute Kawasaki Disease Bronchial Epithelium
  Anne H. Rowley, Northwestern University, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL

• Clinical Dilemma of Diagnosing Incomplete Kawasaki Disease
  Jane C. Burns, University of California, San Diego, CA

• Treatment of Refractory Kawasaki Disease
  Stanford T. Shulman, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

• Management of Cardiac Complications and Long-Term Outcome
  Jane W. Newburger, Harvard University, Children’s Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–10:00am
3105—From Health Services Research to Public Policy
PAS Topic Symposium
Room 2006, Moscone West
Chair: Gary L. Freed, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Target Audience: Investigators, clinicians and advocacy experts.

The contribution of research regarding children is measured in its ability to improve children's health and well being. Research findings that contribute to public policy efforts have the potential to improve the lives and well being of whole communities, states and nations of children. Understanding the nature and appreciating the role of such work is fundamentally important for clinicians and researchers alike.

• Overview
  Gary L. Freed, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

• Using Research To Confront Power: Can P Values Speak to Justice?
  Paul H. Wise, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

• Where Research Meets Policy and Politics: The Road to Health Reform for Children
  Sara Rosenbaum, George Washington University, Washington, DC

• Linking Health and School Goals To Address Childhood Obesity
  Joseph W. Thompson, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR

• Addressing Children’s Underinsurance Through Policy-Relevant Research
  Matthew M. Davis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

• Discussion

8:00am–10:00am
3135—Environmental Health: Exposures and Outcomes
PAS Platform Session
Room 2002, Moscone West
Chairs: Ellen F. Crain and Bruce P. Lanphear

8:00am–10:00am
3140—General Pediatrics II
PAS Platform Session
Room 2007, Moscone West
Chairs: Christine L. Johnson and Elisa A. Zenni

8:00am–10:00am
3155—Underserved Populations I
PAS Platform Session
Room 2009, Moscone West
Chairs: Wendy L. Hobson-Rohrer and Lolita M. McDavid

8:00am–11:00am
3200—Sports Medicine—Caring for the Young Athlete
PAS/APPD Mini Course
Room 2008, Moscone West
Chair: Robert S. McGregor, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA

"Sports medicine, not a matter of life and death…it’s much more important than that” is a bit overstated. However, some estimates suggest pediatricians in training receive little more than 5 hours of clinical training. This creates a generation of pediatric clinicians and pediatric educators who didn't get it.

We suggest the time has come for a mini course designed to address some basic concepts, as well as more current controversial areas to attempt to catch-up the contemporary pediatrician, and to provide a curricular base for the pediatric educator.

Topics will include: the female athlete, ergogenic substance use and abuse and current medical issues including concussion guidelines. The course will conclude with case discussions combined with live video projection of pertinent physical examination techniques.

• Overview
  Robert S. McGregor, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA

• Female Athlete Issues
  Jordan Daniel Metzl, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY

• Ergogenic Substance Use, Abuse and Cases
  Cynthia Rose LaBella, Institute for Sports Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL

• Medical Considerations and Concussion Management
  Rani S. Gereige, University of South Florida/ All Childrens' Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL

• Selected Sports Medicine Cases with Video Feed
  Rani S. Gereige, University of South Florida/ All Childrens' Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
  Robert S. McGregor, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
  Cynthia Rose LaBella, Institute for Sports Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
  Jordan Daniel Metzl, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY

Sponsored jointly by the Association of Pediatric Program Directors and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–11:00am
3232—Build a Tutorial To Track Resident Learning in Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall C1, SF Marriott
Leader: Henry Shapiro, St. Petersburg, FL; Co-leader: Frances Glascoe and Nataly Arcila

Target Audience: Fellows, junior faculty, and mid-level faculty.

This workshop will teach participants to use the online tutorial on Developmental and Behavioral Screening at www.dbpeds.org. Participants will learn how they can track resident learning activities, and produce individual and group reports. They will also learn how to teach residents to track their own progress. By the end of the workshop, participants will be able to customize the tutorial for local use, know how to use analysis tools, and contribute to further improvement and evaluation of the tutorial tool. Participants will be give access to the online tools needed to view reports and participate in an online user group.

Objectives:

– Know how to view reports from the online tutorial
– Know how to customize tutorials to reflect local needs
– Know how to use online tools to communicate with user community

Format: Demonstration, direct training, guided practice, small group brainstorming, and facilitated group discussion.

8:00am–11:00am
3244—Pediatricians as Advocates: Efforts on Behalf of Children Being Raised by Gay and Lesbian Parents
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 3, SF Marriott
Leader: Ellen Perrin, Boston, MA; Co-leader: James Crawford and Jim Pawelski

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty and community practitioners.

Pediatricians have a long history of advocating for their patients health-care needs, broadly defined. Advocacy efforts have included: (1) ensuring that individual families have adequate housing and food; (2) providing societal supports for disadvantaged subgroups, e.g., foster children and immigrants; (3) enacting political guarantees for the security of vulnerable populations; and (4) building coalitions among opinion leaders in support of progressive policies.

Not long ago, gay and lesbian teens and their parents and gay and lesbian parents and their children were close to invisible in pediatrics. Currently pediatricians are in the forefront of advocacy efforts on behalf of this group of children and families. We will describe the background and strategy behind several of these recent advocacy efforts, including pediatricians' participation in legislative deliberations, the role of professional publications and media appearances and the AAP's support of co-parent adoption and civil marriage. These examples will be used to generate ideas and strategies for further advocacy efforts for these and other populations.

Objectives:

– Know examples of advocacy efforts on behalf of families with a gay or lesbian member through professional organizations.
– Understand the role of pediatricians as opinion leaders and advocates in public media and professional publications.

Format: Small group discussion and presentation of history of successful advocacy efforts.

8:00am–11:00am
3246—The Teen–Tot Clinic: Innovative Health Care Delivery and Medical Education
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 4, SF Marriott
Leader: Lee Beers, Washington, DC; Co-leader: Victoria Garriett

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, and mid-level faculty.

This workshop will address strategies for caring for adolescent parents and their children in pediatric practice and the role these experiences play in medical education. During the first part of the workshop, the participants will brainstorm about effective ways of providing health care to adolescent parents and their children. Video clips of teen parents enrolled in the workshop leaders teen-tot program will be used to facilitate discussion. During the last part of the workshop, the group will discuss how the teen-tot model of health care can be used to teach trainees the principles of systems based practice and family-centered care.

Objectives:

– The participant will gain knowledge of the teen-tot model of care for adolescent parents and their children.

Format: Roundtable discussion, videotape viewing, question and answer and small group workgroups.

8:30am–10:00am
3280—Can Primary Care Ever Be Evidence-Based? Current Efforts To Integrate Practice with Science
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Room 2011, Moscone West
Chair: Elizabeth A. Edgerton, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD

Target Audience: Providers, educators, research methodologists and policy makers.

A recent article published by Moyer et al. (2004) highlights the lack of evidence supporting many of the activities of pediatricians in the primary care setting. A natural tension then arises between what is an important pediatric issue and the relative impact the pediatrician can have during the patient encounter.

Multiple stakeholders are grappling with this very issue. Medical education is focusing on the role of evidence-based medicine in clinical decision making. The United States Preventive Services Task Force, which develops evidence-based recommendations, struggles with the limited research available to review. Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Bright Futures Initiative is trying to integrate the quality of evidence available to support common practices in their publication.

This session will present the latest information on the “state of the science” regarding evidence-based pediatric ambulatory care. Panelists will highlight what has been successful as well as barriers to the application of an evidence-based approach to primary care and future solutions.

• Gaps in the Evidence for Well-Child Care: A Challenge to Our Profession
  Virginia A. Moyer, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX

• Linking Bright Futures to the Evidence
  Modena E. H. Wilson, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's Challenges with Pediatric Recommendations
  Thomas G. DeWitt, Carl Weihl Professor and Director, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Associate Chair for Education and Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

• The Role of Practice-Based Research Networks in Evaluating Well-Child Care
  Richard C. (Mort) Wasserman, University of Vermont, AAP PROS Network, Burlington, VT

11:00am–4:00pm
Commercial Exhibits Open and Posters Available for Viewing
PAS Exhibits
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 11:00am–4:00pm
Author Attendance: 12:00pm–2:00pm

Level 1:
– Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology
– Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
– Endocrinology
– Infectious Diseases
– General Pediatrics
– Hematology–Oncology

Level 2: 
– Cardiology
– Neonatal Neurology
– Neonatology

11:45am–1:30pm
3415—APA Research Committee
APA Committee
Sierra Suite C, SF Marriott

12:00pm–2:00pm
Poster Session II
PAS Poster Session
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 11:00am–4:00pm
Author Attendance: 12:00pm–2:00pm

Level 1:
– Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology
– Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
– Endocrinology
– Infectious Diseases
– General Pediatrics
– Hematology–Oncology

Level 2: 
– Cardiology
– Neonatal Neurology
– Neonatology

Includes:

• SPR Fellow's Basic Research Award: Myopalladin Mutations and Inherited Cardiomyopathies
  Enkhsaikhan Purevjav, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

• SPR Clinical Research Award: Accelerated Development in the Visual Areas of Preterm Infants? A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study on Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging (DTI)
  Maria Miranda, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

• SPR Fellow's Clinical Research Award: Novel Genotyping Technology To Classify Childhood Leukemia
  Joshua D. Schiffman, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA

• SPR House Officer Research Award: Erythropoietin Protein Expression in the Developing Human Eye
  Shrena Patel, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

2:00pm–4:00pm
3710—Non-Growth Related Issues in Girls with Turner Syndrome
PAS/LWPES Topic Symposium
Room 3003-3005, Moscone West
Chairs: Judith G. Hall, The University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Paul H. Saenger, Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, NY

Target Audience: Geneticists, endocrinologists, cardiologists and developmental pediatricians.

Although the focus of the pediatric endocrine community has been primarily on the growth issues of girls with Turner Syndrome, other non-growth issues continue to be described. This topic symposium will highlight these non-growth-related issues and illuminate the problems and strategies of dealing with them.

• Evaluation of Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease in Turner Syndrome
  Carolyn A. Bondy, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD

• Skeletal Health
  Vladamir K. Bakalov, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD

• Non-verbal Learning Disabilities
  Marsha L. Davenport, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

Sponsored jointly by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

2:00pm–5:00pm
3740—AAP Presidential Plenary and First Annual Silverman Lecture
AAP Presidential Plenary
Room 3007-3011, Moscone West
Chair: Errol R. Alden, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL

Target Audience: Scientists and clinicians interested in the translation of research and evidence-based principles into health policy and practice.

• AAP Presidential Address
  Eileen M. Ouellette, President, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL

• The Community Pediatrics Training Initiative: Quality Resident Education in Community Pediatrics
  Jeffrey M. Kaczorowski, University of Rochester, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY

• The Scientific Underpinnings of Preventive Services for Children: The Bright Futures Project
  Paula M. Duncan, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT

• The Evidence Base Underlying Pay-for-Performance Initiatives
  Paul V. Miles, The American Board of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC

• Introduction
  Gerald B. Merenstein, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO

• First Annual William A. Silverman MD Lecture:
  From Disasters to Triumphs—Lessons Learned in the Evolution of Neonatology as a Subspecialty
  Avroy A. Fanaroff, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH

The Silverman Lecture is sponsored by the AAP Section on Perinatal Pediatrics

2:00pm–5:00pm
3750—Endocrine Disrupters
PAS/LWPES Mini Course
Room 3010-3012, Moscone West
Chairs: Mary M. Lee, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and Henry Anhalt, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, generalists, neonatologists and basic scientists.

Concerns regarding clinical consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals have increased over the past decade as researchers have documented detrimental effects in wildlife. Federal attention to endocrine disrupters began in earnest in 1996 when the U.S. Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act and amended the Safe Drinking Water Act. These laws mandated testing to determine if pesticides and industrial chemicals might behave like hormones; therefore, the U.S. EPA formed the Endocrine Disrupters Screening and Advisory Committee. In addition to direct effects, some environmental disrupters act through non-genomic actions, some of which persist for several generations. This program presenting innovative studies on mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors will be of critical interest to endocrinologists, both clinical and basic scientists, as well as public health experts.

• Prenatal Programming with Estrogen/Estrogen Mimetics
  Kenneth S. Korach, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC

• Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Fertility and Other Diseases
  Michael K. Skinner, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

• Prenatal Programming with Native and Environmental Steroids
  Vasantha Padmanabhan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Sponsored jointly by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

2:00pm–5:00pm
3762—Family-Centered Rounds: Overcoming Barriers To Get Back to the Bedside
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 15, SF Marriott
Leader: William Brinkman, Cincinnati, OH; Co-leaders: Mike Vossmeyer and Stephen Muething

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows and junior, mid-level and senior faculty.

At academic medical centers, attending physician rounds (patient presentations and discussions) commonly occur in a conference room. A recent AAP policy statement entitled, "Family-Centered Care and the Pediatrician's Role," calls for rounds of all hospitalized patients to occur at the bedside in the presence of the patient and family. 'Family-Centered Rounds' are meant to facilitate information sharing and encourage active family involvement in decision-making. Drawing on their own experience as well as the Cincinnati Children's Hospital experience during the Robert Wood Johnson Pursuing Perfection initiative, workshop participants will develop practical strategies to overcome barriers to teaching and learning while delivering family-centered care at the bedside of the hospitalized patient.

Objectives:

– Participants will understand the basic principles of family-centered care in the inpatient setting.
– Participants will develop practical strategies to overcome barriers to teaching and learning while delivering family-centered care at the bedside of the hospitalized patient.

Format: Small group discussion, didactic presentation, videotaped rounding vignettes, question and answer, and small group problem solving sessions.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3764—Helping Children in Disasters: Community Training
PAS Educational Workshop
Golden Gate Hall C2, SF Marriott
Leader: Karen Olness, Cleveland, OH; Co-leader: Anna Mandalakas and Marisa Herran

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

This workshop will address the special issues of children in disasters and provide guidelines for child health professionals who wish to help their communities prepare for disasters. This workshop will use a problem based training format with appropriate case histories to allow participants to consider decision making for children in natural or man made disasters. Components of this training include the problems and priorities for children in disasters, how to identify resources in the local community that are available for disaster-impacted children, how to mobilize rapid responses on behalf of children, and how to reduce long term psychological problems for children.

Objectives:

– List the special issues of children who experience disasters.
– Provide information on preparing a community to help children in disasters.

Format: Problem based learned format including discussion of relevant case histories.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3765—High-Fidelity Pediatric Simulation: Setting a National Human Performance and Patient Safety Research and Training Agenda
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 2, SF Marriott
Leader: Louis Halamek, Palo Alto, CA; Co-leaders: Mary Patterson, Joseph Lopreiato

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, and mid-level faculty, senior faculty.

The goal of this workshop is to bring together those who are interested in using high fidelity multidisciplinary pediatric simulation to improve the training of healthcare professionals and in establishing the evidence base to support the use of this methodology. This will be an interactive panel-led session coupled with video presentations and small breakout group discussions that will allow participants to identify the elements of a national simulation-based research and training agenda and a strategy for implementation of such a plan. Participants will learn what they can do on the local and national levels to validate and disseminate its use.

Objectives:

– Define high fidelity simulation.
– Describe the unique challenges of pediatric simulation.
– Understand why a national research and training agenda is indicated.
– Develop the major elements of this agenda and develop an action plan.

Format: I plan to use the three panelists to lead a facilitated, interactive discussion with the audience in order to accomplish the workshop objectives (setting a national agenda and creating an action plan).

2:00pm–5:00pm
3766—Implementing Innovations in Well Child Care in a Community or University Clinic
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 1, SF Marriott
Leader: David Bergman, Palo Alto, CA

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

Current provision of developmental and preventive care in well child care (WCC) is inefficient and out of step with the needs of families. Yet, the systemic changes that are necessary are within reach of most pediatric practices. This workshop will present the results of a national conference where child health care leaders, practitioners and parents developed a set of innovative changes for WCC. Each participant will understand how these changes can be applied to their practice setting. You will learn methods to stimulate creative thinking to generate new change ideas and understand how these ideas relate to key systems issues in WCC. You will also learn how to identify and select changes that are best for your practice. Finally you will generate a framework for implementation that will be tailored to the your needs.

Objectives:

– To learn about new innovations in WCC
– To understand systems issues in WCC and how they can be improved
– To be able to identify and selection innovations that are best for your clinic setting
– To develop a frameworks for systems change in WCC in your clinic

Format: Round table discussion, group problem solving and question and answer. We will use both video images and slides.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3769—See One, Do One, Teach One...Documenting Lifelong Learning
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 12, SF Marriott
Leader: Lisa Leggio, Augusta, GA; Co-leaders: Carol Carraccio, Henry Bernstein, Theodore Sectish, Susan Guralnick

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

The ABP and the ACGME require evidence of lifelong learning for maintenance of certification and training accreditation, respectively. The AAP has updated PediaLink®, a web-based resource for continuous professional development, to document practice-based learning and improvement. The Learning Center, Resident Center and Program Director Center components of PediaLink® will be presented as tools for documenting PBLI and learning plans throughout a pediatric career. Groups will participate in exercises documenting learning plans and mentoring others through the process.

Objectives:

– Know how to use PediaLink® as a resource to document lifelong learning along a continuum in medical education.
– Create an individual focused and efficiently managed practice-based, learning plan.
– Teach colleagues and trainees alike to do the same exercise with their own personal learning plans.

Format: Mini-presentation, buzzgroup/brainstorming, and small group discussions.

Designed to meet elements of the core curriculum for pediatric fellowship subspecialty training.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3772—Teaching Residents To Teach Basic Parenting Skills
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 5, SF Marriott
Leader: Robert Sege, Boston, MA; Co-leader: Karen Miller

Target Audience: Fellows and junior, mid-level and senior faculty.

Parents seek advice from their pediatrician about child development and behavior management. Formal education in these topics allows residents to develop an approach to counseling that is both evidence-based and suited to the needs and cultural values of the patient and family. The Boston Floating Hospital residency implemented a comprehensive approach to address resident learning needs in parenting education in the fall of 2003. This session uses a highly interactive approach (including a simulated resident session) to help faculty members develop structured programs in resident education concerning common parenting concerns. Participants will also have an opportunity to review sample resources, including the new AAP Connected Kids: Safe, Strong Secure program.

Objectives:

– Learn an approach to teaching residents about parenting issues.
– Experience and discuss specific interactive teaching techniques.
– Become familiar with resources available to support parenting education.

Format: Introductory didactic instruction, with small group interactive activities. A simulated resident session will serve as a focal point of discussion.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3773—Videotaping Residents as a Form of Direct Observation: Helpful Tool for Measuring Competencies or Monday Morning Quarterback?
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 6, SF Marriott
Leader: Angela Allevi, Philadelphia, PA; Co-leader: Tara Berman

Target Audience: Fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

This workshop will assist those who teach and evaluate trainees to develop a videotaping program that meets RRC requirements for direct observation and evaluates ACGME competencies. Participants will leave with the tools and skills necessary to develop and implement a videotaping program. Workshop leaders will share their experiences of videotaping residents in the outpatient setting, highlighting lessons learned by both residents and staff. Discussion will focus on procedural and technical aspects of a videotaping program, formats that can be used to review tapes and give feedback and documentation of resident’s progress in acquisition of ACGME competencies. Workshop leaders will review the tool they use for reviewing resident videotapes, and participants will practice using this tool. Residents will be on hand to share their experiences first-hand.

Objectives:

– To familiarize participants with the ACGME competencies that can be effectively evaluated using videotaping of trainees
– To outline and discuss how to design and implement a videotaping program
– To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using videotaping as a means of direct observation of trainees

Format: Lecture format to introduce background information; audience participation and practice with scenarios; and break-out small group discussions.

2:00pm–5:00pm
3774—What We Have Is Failure To Communicate—Teaching Residents the Art of Effective Communication
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 13, SF Marriott
Leader: Steven Selbst, Wilmington, DE; Co-leader: Lindsey Lane

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

Poor communication leads to errors/lawsuits. ACGME requires residents demonstrate competence in communication. This workshop proposes a dynamic curriculum to teach residents effective communication. Workshop leaders discuss (1) Listening skills to address parental concerns, (2) difficult patients, (3) delivering bad news, (4) informed consent, (5) feedback to residents and students, (6) essential info at morning rounds, signout, and (7) professionalism with nursing staff, consultants. Case scenarios, videotape, role-playing demonstrate successful communication techniques, underscore pitfalls.

Objectives:

– Understand how to effectively deliver bad news to families.
– Know how to obtain informed consent from parents.
– Be able to give effective feedback to students and residents.
– Work well with nurses and staff.

Format: Videotape, discussion, and question-and-answer period.

4:15pm–5:45pm
3810—RNA Interference, Technological Development of siRNAs and Potential Treatments for Childhood Diseases
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Room 3016-3018, Moscone West
Chair: R. Alan B. Ezekowitz, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Basic scientists studying a broad range of childhood diseases, translational scientists of all disciplines studying clinical implications of basic science research, clinical scientists studying childhood and other diseases in need of improved therapies and clinicians interested in cutting-edge science and its medical implications.

RNA interference is a recently discovered, naturally occurring intracellular process that regulates gene expression through the silencing of specific mRNAs. Methods of harnessing this natural pathway are being developed that allow the catalytic degradation of targeted mRNAs using specifically designed complementary small inhibitory RNAs (siRNA). siRNAs are being chemically modified to acquire drug-like properties. Numerous recent high-profile publications have provided proofs of concept that RNA interference may be useful therapeutically. Much of the design of these siRNAs can be accomplished bioinformatically, thus potentially expediting drug discovery and opening new avenues of therapy for many childhood diseases including uncommon pediatric and orphan diseases. A discussion of the science behind RNA interference will be followed by a presentation of the potential practical issues in applying this technology to disease. The program then describes two therapeutic programs currently under way with applications to pediatric diseases. A question-and-answer time will follow each discussion.

• The Science of RNA Interference
  John J. Rossi, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA

• RNA Interference and Its Potential Applications for Controlling Disease
  Judy Lieberman, CBR Institute for Biomedical Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

• Silencing the VEGF Pathway with siRNAs and the Potential Application to Retinopathy of Prematurity
  Pamela Pavco, Sirna Therapeutics, Boulder, CO

• siRNA as Therapy for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  John P. DeVincenzo, University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Memphis, TN

4:15pm–6:15pm
3825A—Systemic Lupus: Implications of Recent Developments for Management of Children with Lupus Nephritis
ASPN Symposium
Room 2003-2005, Moscone West
Chairs: Joseph T. Flynn, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; and James Jarvis, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK

Target Audience: Nephrologists and rheumatologists.

Glomerulonephritis remains a significant source of morbidity in children with SLE. However, recent changes in renal pathology and immunosuppressive regimens offer the potential for improved outcomes in affected children. This session will highlight some of the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of children with lupus nephritis.

• Overview
  Joseph T. Flynn, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY

• Lupus Nephritis: The Rheumatologist's View
  James N. Jarvis, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK

• Updated WHO Classification System: Are There Implications for Therapy?
  Glen S. Markowitz, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY

• Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Therapy: Rituximab and Beyond
  Sangeeta Sule, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

• Cyclophosphamide Versus Mycophenolate as Initial Therapy for Class III and IV Lupus Nephritis
  Ana L. Paredes, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL

Sponsored jointly by the AAP Section on Rheumatology and the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology

4:15pm–6:15pm
3845—Endocrinology: Insulin Resistance/Obesity
PAS/LWPES Poster Symposium
Room 3003-3005, Moscone West
Chairs: I. David Schwartz and Svetlana Ten

4:15pm–6:15pm
3850—Human Milk and Breastfeeding
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chairs: Sheela R. Geraghty and Ardythe L. Morrow

5:00pm–7:00pm
3900—APA Business Meeting, Armstrong Lecture and Awards
APA Business Meeting
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 9, SF Marriott

• George Armstrong Lecture
  Kenneth B. Roberts, Director, Pediatric Teaching Program, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro, NC; Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC

• APA Ludwig-Seidel Award
  Lise Edelberg Nigrovic,

• APA National Pediatric Community Teaching Award
  Bronwen J. Anderson,

• APA Miller-Sarkin Award
  Stephen Ludwig, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

• APA Ray E. Helfer Award for Innovation in Pediatric Education
  Mark Adler

7:00pm–9:00pm
Preventing Allergies— Preserving Quality of Life
PAS Industry Sponsored Symposium
Golden Gate Hall B1-2, SF Marriott

Target Audience: Allergy/Immunologists, gastroenterologists, neonatologists.

Preventing Allergies – Preserving Quality of Life, will focus on allergy issues in the pediatric population and provide clinicians with valuable information to help them understand the key contributing factors behind the increase in allergic disease worldwide. Faculty will present the hypothesis that childhood sensitization to foods and allergens can lead to allergies in later life.

The harmful effect that allergies have on a child’s physical and emotional well-being and on the family’s quality of life will also be thoroughly discussed. The goal of treatment, therefore, is to prevent allergies from developing.

One way to accomplish this goal is to follow recommendations for proper nutrition in infants and children. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months, use of special formulas, and delayed introduction of solids are among the methods to be discussed.

Clinicians attending this symposium will learn new strategies for preventing infant and childhood allergies that they can put into practice immediately.

For registration information please contact:
Haymarket Medical Continuing Education
Phone: (800) 636-1668
Email: preventingallergies@haymarketmedical.com

Supported by a grant from Nestle, USA

Monday, May 1

7:00am–8:00am
4020—Public Policy Council 20th Annual Legislative Breakfast Symposium
PPC Breakfast
Room 2002, Moscone West
Chair: Myron Genel, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Can Medicaid be "reformed" without adversely impacting access to care for children and adolescents? As a member of the Secretary of Health and Human Services' Medicaid Commission, Carol Berkowitz will provide an overview of the Commission's activities, the outcome of the ongoing deliberations of the Medicaid Commission, a preview of the next steps for the Commission and an outline of the role of the pediatric community in advocating for the critically important EPSDT program and opposing cost sharing.

• Introduction
  Myron Genel, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

• Medicaid "Reform": Can We Preserve Our Children's Safety Net?
  Carol D. Berkowitz, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA

• Discussion

8:00am–10:00am
4110—Pediatric Fluids and Hyponatremia: Are We Giving Too Much Water?
PAS/ASPN/LWPES Topic Symposium
Room 3007-3011, Moscone West
Chairs: John W. Foreman, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and D. Michael Foulds, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX

Target Audience: Nephrologists, general pediatricians, emergency room doctors, intensivists, hospitalists, endocrinologists and anyone who administers IV maintenance fluids.

In the 1950s, Holiday and Segar devised formulae for calculating intravenous maintenance fluids for infants and children who were unable to drink. These formulae have been taught and used now for over 40 years and have generally stood the test of time. However, several recent investigators have challenged these formulae and argued that they put children at risk of hyponatremia. Since Holiday and Segar devised these formulae, new information has arisen, such as the concept of non-osmotic stimulation of ADH release in sick children and our ability to measure ADH levels in plasma on a routine basis. Arieff and Ayus were the first to point out that children and women are at particular risk for developing hyponatremic encephalopathy. Moritz and Ayus have subsequently argued that hypotonic parenteral fluid should not be used unless there are ongoing free water losses or hypernatremia. In addition to this new clinical data, Verkman’s group has exciting data identifying molecular mechanisms of cerebral edema, including after water intoxication. Dr. Arieff will review who is at risk and why. Dr. Verkman’s group has developed data regarding mechanisms of cerebral edema in experimental animals. Dr. Moritz will describe the new concepts of maintenance fluids. Dr. Friedman will defend the current practice. At the end there will be time for an exchange between the speakers and the audience on the right fluid to use in today’s children.

• Hyponatremic Encephalopathy: Special Risk Factors for Children and Women
  Allen I. Arieff, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

• Aquaporin 4 and Cerebral Edema
  Alan S. Verkman, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

• 0.9% Sodium Chloride: The New Approach to Maintenance Fluids in Pediatrics
  Michael L. Moritz, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

• Maintenance Therapy: Tried and True
  Aaron L. Friedman, Brown Medical School, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI

Sponsored jointly by the AAP Section on Nephrology, the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

8:00am–10:00am
4136—Nutritional Disorders—Mechanisms
PAS Platform Session
Room 3000, Moscone West
Chairs: Conrad R. Cole and B U.K. Li

8:00am–11:00am
4150—The Skinny on the Adipocyte
PAS/LWPES Mini Course
Room 3010-3012, Moscone West
Chairs: Silva A. Arslanian, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Robert H. Lustig, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: General pediatricians, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, pulmonologists and adolescent medicine specialists.

Over the past five years much has been learned about the adipocyte. The ability of the adipocyte to function as an endocrine gland, elaborating inflammatory cytokines that result in free radical formation and premature apoptosis of the beta cell, is a relatively new concept. This mini course will comprehensively address many of the newest concepts in adipocyte function and their impact on health and disease. Further discussion will include new concepts on the interactions of IGF-II and other peptides' interactions with the adipocyte. Lastly, there will be a call for new approaches to the pediatric obesity epidemic.

• Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
  Susan Fried, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD

• Obesity and Inflammation
  Christopher Hug, Whitehead Institute and Children's Hospital, Cambridge, MA

• Effects of GH, IGF-I and Insulin Therapies on Adiposity
  Zvi Laron, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Isreal

• Pathology and Sequelae of Childhood Obesity in Adult Life
  Dennis M. Styne, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA

Sponsored jointly by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

9:00am–12:00pm
4220—Competency-Based Evaluation of EBM Skills in Pediatric Residency and Fellowship Programs
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 6, SF Marriott
Leader: Hans Kersten, Philadelphia, PA; Co-leaders: E. Douglas Thompson, John Frohna, Robert McGregor, Tahniat Syed, Erin Giudice, Susan Guralnick, Nancy Spector

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, and senior faculty.

This interactive workshop will provide a framework for evaluation of EBM skills throughout pediatric educational programs and three different residency programs' approach to the development of an evaluation system for their EBM curricula. Participants will use three validated tools that measure EBM knowledge and EBM skills (e.g., formulating a question and searching and critiquing an article) by rotating through 30-minute small group sessions.

Objectives:

– Participants will learn an EBM evaluation framework.
– Participants will use validated EBM evaluation tools.
– Participants will develop EBM evaluation implementation strategy for their EBM curricula.

Format: Small group discussion, videotape, problem solving, and hands-on experience with tools.

Designed to meet elements of the core curriculum for pediatric fellowship subspecialty training.

9:00am–12:00pm
4222—Continuity Curriculum in the Age of Competencies: Yes We Can!
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 1, SF Marriott
Leader: Wendy Davis, Burlington, VT; Co-leaders: Rebecca Collins, Paula Algranati, Paul Darden, Jan Drutz, Marilyn Dumont-Driscoll, Susan Feigelman, Diane Kittredge, John Olsson, Sharon Riesen, Janet Serwint

Target Audience: Junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, community practitioners.

Attendees will acquire skills needed to design a curriculum for use in the continuity setting, based on the APA Educational Guidelines and the ACGME Competencies. Workshop leaders will present a brief review of the Guidelines and Competencies. Attendees will rotate through small group discussions on curriculum topic selection, module development, competency-based evaluation, and overcoming barriers. Leaders will provide a framework and model tools for each discussion group.

Objectives:

– Acquire skills needed to develop a continuity curriculum using APA Educational Guidelines.
– Gain experience in designing brief, competency-based evaluation tools.
– Identify solutions to challenges of curriculum planning (e.g., 80-hour work week).

Format: Brief didactic introduction, followed by rotation of attendees through up to four stations for small group discussions.

9:00am–12:00pm
4228—New Resources for Teaching Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 11, SF Marriott
Leader: Steven Parker, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

The Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics at Boston Medical Center has created two DVDs entitled: "Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: Training Modules for Clinical Issues in Primary Care."

These DVDs are intended to enhance the teacher's ability to provide trainees with engaging and stimulating DBP training experiences and focus on 24 DBP issues during the first 5 years, including: language delays, social-emotional issues, temperament, developmental surveillance in primary care, developmental delays, active children, giving bad news, toilet training, enuresis, and encopresis, discipline, drugs/alcohol, cigarettes.

In this interactive workshop, we will introduce these unique training tools, and model how they can be used to teach DBP. At the conclusion of the workshop, each participant will receive a free set of the DVDs to use in their teaching.

Objective:

– Become familiarized with the use of new DVD training modules in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics.

Format: Interactive presentation. Will discuss the intent and format of the DVDs, and then model their use as a training resource.

9:00am–12:00pm
4232—Resident Teachers: Preparing Residents To Be Effective Facilitators of Learning in the Outpatient Setting
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 13, SF Marriott
Leader: Nathaniel Beers, Washington, DC; Co-leaders: Dale Coddington, Linda Fu, Patience White

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, and mid-level faculty.

Residents have been educators in the inpatient setting. As the role of residents is expanded in the outpatient, there are new skills required to be effective and efficient facilitators of learning in the outpatient setting. The workshop will offer an experience of a curriculum and its evaluation developed by three graduates of the Master Teacher Program at DC Children's. The curriculum includes modules on case-based teaching, precepting, and evaluation/feedback. There will be a discussion of the theory behind and descriptions of each of the modules and their evaluation, a chance to experience the modules and to problem solve around individual institutional barriers to implementation.

Objectives:

– To know the skills necessary for residents to be effective educators in the outpatient setting
– To discuss the lessons learned in developing and implementing a similar curriculum
– To understand how outpatient teaching can be utilized to meet ACGME competencies

Format: Opening presentation with majority of the time spent in small groups discussions on tools and implementation/barriers.

9:00am–12:00pm
4236—Teach to Your Strengths and Adapt to Your Learners! Understanding Individual Teaching and Learning Styles To Maximize Your Teaching Potential
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 4, SF Marriott
Leader: Heather McPhillips, Seattle, WA; Co-leaders: Richard Shugerman, Sherilyn Smith and Jordan Symons

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

Participants in this highly interactive workshop will work to recognize their individual teaching strengths and learn to adapt their teaching style to individual learners' preferences. Participants will work together to develop a toolbox of learner-centered strategies for teaching in challenging situations.

Objectives:

– Participants will define their individual teaching style.
– Participants will better understand differences in learning styles.
– Participants will develop strategies to teach to their individual strengths.
– Participants will develop strategies to teach to learners with different learning needs.

Format: This session will be highly interactive with small-group and larger group discussion, shared problem solving and a small amount of videotaped examples.

9:00am–12:00pm
4242—Well Child Care for the Premature Infant
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 15, SF Marriott
Leader: Ricki Goldstein, Durham, NC; Co-leader: William Malcolm

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners

After a brief overview of the common problems encountered by premature infants after discharge, this interactive workshop will engage the audience in the utilization of a new premature infant well-child check list being developed for office or clinic visits during the first 2 years of life. Several videos of pediatric well-child visits will be viewed which demonstrate common scenarios involving abnormal motor development and feeding patterns. After viewing each video, the workshop participants will complete either a standard checklist used in a pediatric practice or the one specifically designed for former premature infants. The key questions or observations used to detect various problems will be identified and indications for early intervention will be discussed.

Objectives:

– To become familiar with the common medical problems encountered by premature infants after discharge
– To recognize the red flags for early motor and feeding problems in premature infants after discharge
– To recognize indications for referring a premature infant for early intervention services

Format: (1) Video presentation of well child visit demonstrating various problems in premature infants; (2) participants to complete a new check list designed to detect various problems encountered in the premature infant; and (3) roundtable discussion of advantages and problems with new check list.

10:15am–12:15pm
4320A—New Frontiers in Reproductive Science
LWPES Topic Symposium
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chairs: Ram K. Menon, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Henry Anhalt, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, geneticists, developmental biologists and adolescent medicine.

The regulation of puberty remains one of the greatest mysteries of medicine. A child is born with all of the necessary components to undergo puberty at birth but this process is quiescent until puberty occurs. The attendee will learn the newest information on the biological regulators of puberty.

In addition, the attendee will be exposed to newer techniques available for preservation of fertility in a variety of different pathological states. Discussion will include the cryopreservation of the pre-pubertal ovary.

• Kiss-1 and GPR54 as New Players in Gonadotropin Regulation and Puberty
  Ursula Kaiser, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA

• Modern Preservation of Fertility
  Kutluk Oktay, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY

10:15am–12:15pm
4335—General Pediatrics III
PAS Platform Session
Room 2008, Moscone West
Chairs: Charles Feild and Lydia M. Furman

10:15am–12:15pm
4347—Late-Breaker Abstract Session II: General Pediatrics
PAS Platform Session
Room 2004, Moscone West Convention Center
Chairs: Yvonne W. Wu and Paul C. Young

The "Late-Breaker" sessions will include reports on clinical trials and other important and significant pediatric research, which might not have been ready for reporting at the time of the winter abstract deadline. Please be sure to review the content so you don't miss these very special sessions!

10:15am–12:15pm
4360—New Perspectives on ADHD
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 2002, Moscone West
Chairs: Marc A. Lerner and Mark L. Wolraich

12:00pm–6:45pm
Commercial Exhibits Open and Posters Available for Viewing
PAS Exhibits
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 12:00pm–6:45pm
Author Attendance: 5:15pm–6:45pm

Level 1:
– Critical Care
– Gastroenterology
– Genetics
– Neonatal Epidemiology and Follow Up
– Neonatal Pulmonology
– Neonatology
– Nephrology
– Pulmonology

Level 2:
– Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
– Emergency Medicine
– General Pediatrics
– Medical Education

12:15pm–1:15pm
4470—The National Children's Study: Status and Future Plans
PAS/PPC Special Symposium
Room 3010-3012, Moscone West
Chair: Elena Fuentes-Afflick, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: Practicing pediatricians, academic child health professionals, researchers, administrators and policymakers who are interested in child health across the lifespan. Professionals interested in the impact of environmental factors on health outcomes will also be interested.

This special symposium will present an update on the National Children's Study, which recently selected 7 vanguard centers and is prepared to begin recruitment of subjects. However, the President's budget proposal allocated no further funding and stated that the study would be terminated at the end of the current fiscal year. The panel presenters will discuss the current budgetary outlook, status of the study, options to implement the study and respond to questions from the audience.

Panelists

• Elena Fuentes-Afflick, University of California, San Francisco, CA

• Duane Alexander, Director, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Peter C. Scheidt, Director, National Children's Study, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Alan R. Fleischman, Chair, National Children's Study Federal Advisory Committee, New York Academy of Medicine, New York and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• David J. Schonfeld, Member, National Children's Study Federal Advisory Committee and Chair, AAP Committee on Research, Cincinnati, OH

Sponsored jointly by the Public Policy Council and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:45pm–5:15pm
4550—APA Presidential Plenary and Awards
APA Presidential Plenary
Room 2003-2007, Moscone West
Claibourne I. Dungy

Includes selected original science abstract presentations, as well as the Presidential Address, APA Outstanding Teaching Award and APA Research Award.

• APA Research Award
  Neal Halfon, University of California, Los Angeles, CA

• APA Outstanding Teaching Award
  J. Lindsey Lane

2:00pm–4:00pm
4580—Application of Translational Science to Vaccinology: Varicella-Zoster Virus and Human Papillomavirus
PAS/PIDS State of the Art Plenary
Room 3003-3005, Moscone West
Chairs: Ann M. Arvin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; and Anna-Barbara Moscicki, University of California, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: Infectious disease specialists, primary care pediatricians, immunologists and adolescent medicine physicians.

One of the major goals of infectious diseases research is to understand the pathogenesis of disease and to use this knowledge to prevent the illness through vaccination. An understanding of varicella pathogenesis led to the development of a successful vaccine, and further insights into long-term success of the vaccine and the future of varicella immunization are emerging. A more recent success story is that of human papillomavirus, in which basic science studies of pathogenesis led to the development of vaccines based on virus-like particles. These two examples serve as models of the success of translational science in combating infectious diseases.

• New Insights into Varicella-Zoster Virus Pathogenesis
  Ann M. Arvin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

• MMRV and the Future of Immunization Against Varicella-Zoster Virus
  Anne A. Gershon, Columbia University, New York, NY

• Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus Infections
  Anna-Barbara Moscicki, University of California, San Francisco, CA

• Development of Virus-like Particles for Immunization Against Human Papillomavirus
  John T. Schiller, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

3:00pm–5:00pm
4620—Hirschsprung’s Disease and Chronic Constipation: Medical and Surgical Approaches
PAS/NASPGHAN Topic Symposium
Room 3014, Moscone West
Chairs: B U.K. Li, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and Melvin B. Heyman, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: General pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatric surgeons and developmental biologists.

This symposium will focus on a common yet challenging problem constipation: the clinical, diagnostic, genetic and surgical aspects of Hirschsprung’s disease; and diagnostic testing, medical and surgical treatment of chronic constipation. In Hirschsprung’s disease, the clinical presentation (red flags) of, diagnostic testing for and genetic mutations found will be discussed. Surgical approaches including standard staged pull-thrus, single stage repairs, laparoscopic approaches and post-surgical obstructions will be reviewed. In chronic constipation, the differential diagnosis and diagnostic testing (findings in anorectal and colonic manometry, MRI and bead transit studies) will be presented. Medical and surgical therapeutic approaches will cover education, behavioral and biofeedback therapy, medical treatment (disimpaction and maintenance therapy) and antegrade enemas delivered via cecostomies. The specific approaches applicable to a general pediatric practice use will be identified.

• Clinical and Genetics Aspects of Hirschsprung's Disease
  Cheryl E. Gariepy, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI

• Surgical Approaches to Hirschsprung's Disease
  Daniel H. Teitelbaum, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI

• Diagnostic Approaches to Chronic Constipation
  Samuel Nurko, Children's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, MA

• Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Constipation
  Warren P. Bishop, Children's Hospital of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Sponsored jointly by the American Pediatric Surgical Association; the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; and the Pediatric Academic Societies

3:00pm–5:00pm
4675—Obesity I
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 2002, Moscone West
Chairs: Robert H. Lustig and Jennifer Miller

5:15pm–6:45pm
Poster Session III
PAS Poster Session
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 12:00pm–6:45pm
Author Attendance: 5:15pm–6:45pm

Level 1:
– Critical Care
– Gastroenterology
– Genetics
– Neonatal Epidemiology and Follow Up
– Neonatal Pulmonology
– Neonatology
– Nephrology
– Pulmonology

Level 2:
– Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
– Emergency Medicine
– General Pediatrics
– Medical Education

Tuesday, May 2

8:00am–10:00am
5100—Ethical Issues in Housing Health Hazard Research Involving Children
PAS Topic Symposium
Room 2003-2005, Moscone West
Chair: Bernard Lo, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Target Audience: A broad pediatric audience with the goal of promoting understanding of ethical issues in conducting community-based research, especially housing hazard research.

Children’s homes may contain hazards that can cause lead toxicity, trigger asthma or result in serious injuries or poisoning. A 2001 court decision, in Grimes versus Kennedy Krieger Institute, highlighted ethical issues in housing-related research and led to substantial controversy and confusion. Many ethical dilemmas occur because research participants are often poor, members of a minority group and have few affordable housing options. Moreover, carrying out research in the home raises unique ethical issues. A forthcoming report from National Academies of Science (NAS) will offer recommendations for conducting research on this topic. This panel will present these NAS recommendations and discuss how they might be applied to specific projects in housing research involving children. Specific issues to be discussed include innovations in research design and informed consent, responding to risks observed in the home, the role of researchers and IRBs and community involvement in research. Audience participation will be encouraged.

• Recommendations from the National Academies of Science
  Bernard Lo, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

• Protecting Vulnerable Research Participants While Allowing Valuable Research To Be Carried Out
  Alan R. Fleischman, Chair, National Children's Study Federal Advisory Committee, New York Academy of Medicine, New York and National

• Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Innovations in Study Design and Informed Consent in Housing Hazard Research Involving Children
  Bruce P. Lanphear, Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

• Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Housing Hazard Research Through Community Participation
  Brenda Eskenazi, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley CA

• Discussion

8:00am–10:00am
5154—Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics
PAS Platform Session
Room 2007, Moscone West
Chairs: Karen Ratliff-Schaub and Martin T. Stein

8:00am–10:00am
5158—Endocrinology: Diabetes—Immune Mediated
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 3020, Moscone West
Chairs: Bruce A. Boston and Susan B. Nunez

8:00am–10:00am
5162—General Pediatrics IV
PAS Platform Session
Room 2008, Moscone West
Chairs: Jeffrey M. Devries and Susan Feigelman

8:00am–11:00am
5180—Health Literacy/Health Communication Challenges in the 21st Century: Effective Strategies for Enhancing Patient Interactions
PAS Mini Course
Room 2011, Moscone West
Chairs: Shalini G. Forbis and John M. Pascoe, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH

Target Audience: All healthcare providers.

This session will focus on improving health care to children with low literacy parent(s). It will employ a format created by the AMA-Foundation with three separate presentations: (1) An overview of low health literacy in the United States, including the definition of health literacy as contrasted to general literacy; (2) Creating a shame-free environment that encourages parents to share their low literacy struggles with health providers; (3) Strategies to enhance parent-provider interaction/communication, with emphasis on improving communication with low literacy parents. Ample time should be built into the session to enable discussion of the major themes/ideas presented.

• Introduction
  John M. Pascoe, Wright State University, Dayton, OH

• Overview of Health Literacy
  Shalini G. Forbis, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH

• Creating a Shame-Free Environment
  Kadriye Lewis, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

• Break

• Enhancing Patient Interaction and Communication
  Teri Lee Turner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX

• Wrap-up/Discussion
  John M. Pascoe, Wright State University, Dayton, OH

8:30am–9:45am
5200A—The Challenge of Diagnosis and Outcome in Intersex
LWPES State of the Art Plenary
Room 3007-3011, Moscone West
Chair: Lynne Levitsky, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Target Audience: Geneticists, endocrinologists and general pediatricians.

The attendee will be presented with an overview of intersex and then the challenges of diagnosis and outcome will be addressed. Many previous assumptions about outcome have proven to be false. This should prove to be an exciting talk about a highly controversial topic affecting pediatric endocrinologists and geneticists.

The Challenge of Diagnosis and Outcome in Intersex
Ieuan Hughes, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

8:45am–11:45am
5216—How To Change the World in an Hour a Month: Skills for Effective and Efficient Leadership in Community Health and Child Advocacy
PAS Educational Workshop
Yerba Buena Gardens Salon 4, SF Marriott
Leader: Andy Aligne, Rochester, NY; Co-leaders: Laura Jean Shipley, Jeffrey Kaczorowski, Danielle Thomas-Taylor

Target Audience: Trainees, fellows, junior faculty, mid-level faculty, senior faculty, and community practitioners.

This workshop will enable attendees to leverage their time more effectively when working outside the clinical setting to improve child health at the community level. Facilitated group exercises will improve skills in some or all of the following: time management, teamwork, coping with change, getting involved with community-based organizations, cultural observation, speaking to the media, project planning and evidence-based community health.

Objectives: 
– Time management
– Speaking to the media
– Project planning
– Evidence-based community health

Format: Group exercises and group problem solving.

8:45am–11:45am
5245—School and Community Health
APA Special Interest Group
Sierra Suite C, SF Marriott
Chair: Rani S. Gerige, gereiger@allkids.org; and Sarah E. Hampl, shampl@chm.edu.

Working with the community and the schools on health issues requires a great deal of collaboration, networking and partnership. This year the School and Community Health SIG will focus primarily on “Coalition Building: The How To?” Come and learn from pediatricians and other health care professionals who have built successful coalitions with their communities and/or schools. Coalitions in the areas of mental health, adolescent health, obesity and dental health will be presented. Attendees who have built successful coalitions in their own communities/schools are encouraged to attend and share their experience. Come learn, network and build coalitions!

10:00am–11:45am
5310A—Pitfalls in Endocrine Assays—Results Are Not What They Seem
LWPES Workshop
Room 3000, Moscone West
Chairs: Jack Fuqua, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; and John Nakamoto, Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA

Target Audience: Endocrinologists, general pediatricians and adolescent medicine.

All too often clinicians are encountering laboratory tests that are difficult to interpret. Sometimes the real problem lies in understanding the pitfalls in assays and how they are performed. This symposium will help the clinician and scientist understand the basis for assays and what can go wrong with them. Many referrals to subspecialists are made due to misinterpretation of laboratory tests or unfamiliarity with age related norms. This symposium will have wide appeal to all who order endocrine tests.

• Overview
  Jon M. Nakamoto, Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA

• IGF–I/GH
  George M. Bright, Tercica, Inc., South San Francisco, CA

• Adrenal Steroids and Thyroid
  Jon M. Nakamoto, Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA

• Sex Steroids
  Dennis M. Styne, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA

• Discussion

10:00am–2:00pm
Commercial Exhibits Open and Posters Available for Viewing
PAS Exhibits
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 10:00am–2:00pm
Author Attendance: 12:00pm–1:30pm

Level 1:
– Adolescent Medicine
– Emergency Medicine
– Epidemiology
– General Pediatrics
– Infectious Diseases
– Neonatal Epidemiology and Follow Up

Level 2:
– Neonatal Pulmonology
– Neonatology

10:15am–11:45am
5400—Campaign To Save 100K Lives: What It Means for Child Health
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Room 3024, Moscone West
Chair: Charles J. Homer, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Boston, MA; Connie Crowley Ganser, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA; and Paul Kurtin, Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA

Target Audience: Hospital-based pediatricians across a wide array of specialties.

In December 2004, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement launched a campaign to save 100K lives through targeted improvements in care. Shortly after the launch, the National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality, Children’s Hospital Corporation of America and the National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institutions convened to identify whether these changes could cause comparable improvements in health care for children and promote that effort. This session will review the science behind these interventions, describe the programs and implementation efforts to advance these and future directions for such safety and quality campaigns.

• The Campaign Approach to Quality Improvement
  Connie Crowley Ganser, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA

• Bloodstream Infections
  W. Charles Huskins, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

• Rapid Response Teams
  Glenn Billman, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minneapolis, MN

• Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia and Adverse Drug Events
  Paul Kurtin, Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA

• Where Do We Go from Here? The Pediatric Campaign
  Charles J. Homer, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA

• Discussion

10:15am–11:45am
5405—Newborn Screening: The Coming Revolution
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chair: Alex R. Kemper, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Target Audience: General pediatricians, subspecialists involved with newborn screening, for including neonatologists, endocrinologists, hematologists and geneticists.

Newborn screening has resulted in dramatic improvements in the morbidity and mortality of inherited disorders. Recent laboratory developments have dramatically increased the number of conditions that can be detected in early infancy. Expanding the list of conditions has lead to unique challenges for pediatric practices and public health systems. This symposium will explore these new and emerging challenges.

• Overview
  Alex R. Kemper, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

• New Technologies for Newborn Screening
  Edward R.B. McCabe, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA

• Meeting the Needs for Confirmation, Counseling and Treatment
  R. Rodney Howell, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL

• "Treatment" Versus "Benefit" in Evaluating the Desirability of Expanded Newborn Screening
  Don Bailey, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

• Ethical Issues That Must Be Addressed in an Expanded Newborn Screening Program
  Ellen Wright Clayton, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN

• Summary Comments
  Michele Puryear, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources & Services Administration, Rockville, MD

• Discussion

10:15am–11:45am
5415—Reducing Disparities in Healthcare Quality: How Much Progress Are We Making?
PAS State of the Art Plenary
Room 3022, Moscone West
Chairs: Denise M. Dougherty, USDHHS Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; and Glenn Flores, Center for the Advancement of Underserved Children, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI

Target Audience: Attendees serving racially and ethnically diverse families and those concerned about reducing disparities in children's health care and health.

The 2002 Institute of Medicine report, Unequal Treatment, brought national attention to racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare quality. At the time, there was almost nothing to report on disparities in children's healthcare quality.

This session will bring participants up to date on key disparities in children's healthcare quality, based on information from the 2005 National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR) and other sources. Selected examples of disparities from the 2004 NHDR include: African–American children are three times as likely as white children to be hospitalized for asthma, and Black and Hispanic children on dialysis are less likely than white non-Hispanic children to be on a waiting list for a kidney transplant. Examples of activities under way to reduce disparities will be presented, including development of a structured framework for increasing cultural competency in children's healthcare and efforts to improve care for vulnerable racial and ethnically diverse child patients using health information technology strategies. The panel will end with a presentation on future directions in policy and research for reducing disparities in children's healthcare.

• Where Are We Now? Disparities in Children's Healthcare Quality
  Denise M. Dougherty, USDHHS Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD
  Lisa Simpson, All Children's Hospital, Endowed Chair, Children's Health Policy, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL

• Improving Cultural Competency in Children's Healthcare
  Charles J. Homer, National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), Cambridge, MA

• Using Health Information Technology To Improve Care and Reduce Disparities
  Richard N. Shiffman, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

• Yes, It Can Be Done: The Successful Elimination of a Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Children's Healthcare
  Glenn Flores, Center for the Advancement of Underserved Children, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI

• Future Directions
  Robert K. Ross, The California Endowment, Woodland Hills, CA

10:15am–12:15pm
5425—A Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
PAS Poster Symposium
Room 2006, Moscone West
Chairs: Bruce K. Shapiro and Robert G. Voigt

10:15am–12:15pm
5430—Obesity II
PAS Platform Session
Room 3014, Moscone West
Chairs: Michael Cabana and John N. Udall

12:00pm–1:30pm
Poster Session IV
PAS Poster Session
Levels 1 and 2, Moscone West

Posters Available for Viewing: 10:00am–2:00pm
Author Attendance: 12:00pm–1:30pm

Level 1:
– Adolescent Medicine
– Emergency Medicine
– Epidemiology
– General Pediatrics
– Infectious Diseases
– Neonatal Epidemiology and Follow Up

Level 2:
– Neonatal Pulmonology
– Neonatology

Includes:

• SPR Student Research Award: Metal Contamination of Blood Bank Blood
  Allison Blatz, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH

• SPR House Officer Research Award: Pathogenesis of Measles Virus Infection in Simian Immunodefiency Virus-Infected, Measles Virus-Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys
  Sallie R Permar, Children's Hospital and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA

1:45pm–3:45pm
5720—Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD): New Insights and Clinical Perspectives
PAS/ASPN/NASPGHAN Topic Symposium
Room 3010-3012, Moscone West
Chairs: Philip Rosenthal, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

Target Audience: Pediatricians, pediatric nephrologists, pediatric gastroenterologists, neonatalogists and developmental biologists.

ARPKD is a developmental disorder of the kidneys and liver caused by mutations in the PKHD1 gene. Fibrocystin/polyductin, the protein encoded by PKHD1, is expressed on the primary cilia of renal and bile duct epithelial cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that the PKHD1 transcriptional profile is complex with extensive splice variants. While the function of these transcripts and the polypeptides that they encode is not well understood, these proteins seem to play critical roles in establishing and maintaining the tubular architecture. This symposium will discuss the complex transcriptional profile of PKHD1 and the role of these gene products in renal as well as biliary epithelia. Given that ARPKD has a high perinatal mortality due to oligohydramnios and resultant respiratory insufficiency, current concepts regarding the interplay between the developing kidney, the placenta and the developing lung will be discussed. Finally, a clinical perspective based on the on-going NHGRI-sponsored natural history study will focus on ARPKD-associated morbidities and disease progression.

• Transcriptional Complexity of PKHD1: Implications for Development and Disease Pathogenesis
  Gregory G. Germino, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

• Pathobiology of Biliary Epithelia in ARPKD
  Tatyana Masyuk, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN

• Oligohydramnios: Current Concepts and Implications for Pulmonary Development
  F. Sessions Cole, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO

• Report on the NIH ARPKD/CHF Natural History Study
  Meral Gunay-Aygun, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD

Sponsored jointly by the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology; the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:45pm–3:45pm
5725—Meet the Red Book Committee: Update on New Vaccines
PAS/PIDS Hot Topic
Room 3014, Moscone West
Chairs: Sarah S. Long, Drexel University College of Medicine and St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Larry K. Pickering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; David Kimberlin, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL; and Henry Bernstein, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH

Target Audience: Primary care pediatricians, infectious diseases physicians and adolescent medicine physicians.

Vaccines represent the best return on investment in health care resources. Currently, this is a dynamic time for new vaccine development and licensure. Recent changes in the vaccine schedule include the development and licensure of new rotavirus vaccines, meningococcal conjugate vaccines, acellular pertussis vaccines for use in adolescents, papillomavirus, hepatitis A vaccines for 1-year-olds and a new “combination” vaccines (including mumps-measles-rubella-varicella). Human papillomavirus vaccine is expected to be licensed. To update physicians in practice, the American Academy of Pediatrics will co-sponsor a symposium on new vaccines, entitled “Red Book Update: New Vaccines”.

Topics to be discussed include the newly licensed products listed above, as well as new indications and uses of existing vaccines.

Sponsored jointly by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:45pm–3:45pm
5730—Obesity Symposium—The BIG Picture
PAS/LWPES Hot Topic
Room 3007-3011, Moscone West
Chairs: Janet H. Silverstein, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; and Josephine Z. Kasa-Vubu, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Target Audience: General pediatrics, developmental pediatrics, adolescent medicine, genetics, basic science, pediatric endocrinology and health outcomes.

The obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health threat and a top priority for a broad range of researchers and clinicians. This symposium will attempt to reach beyond descriptive statistics and will focus on advances from bench to bedside with a focus on intervention.

• Overview
  Josephine Z. Kasa-Vubu, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

• Lessons from the Bench: Molecular and Anatomical Models of Leptin Resistance
  Martin Myers, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

• Intensive Versus Behavior Therapies for the Obese Child: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
  Jack Adam Yanovski, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

• Long-Term Costs of Early Onset Diabetes
  William H. Herman,

• Prenatal Programming of Obesity and Obesity-Related Behaviors
  Peter D. Gluckman, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

• Discussion

Sponsored jointly by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Academic Societies

1:45pm–3:45pm
5750—General Pediatrics V
PAS Platform Session
Room 3001, Moscone West
Chairs: Paul M. Darden and David P. McCormick

1:45pm–3:45pm
5760—Underserved Populations II
PAS Platform Session
Room 3000, Moscone West
Chairs: David M. Keller and Ronald C. Samuels